Reoccurrence of infection by Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii (Cng) after treatment, which can occur either via relapse of the original infection of re-infection of a different strain, is problematic in sub-Saharan Africa.. Relapse of infection by Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii

Reoccurrence of infection by Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii (Cng) after treatment, which can occur either via relapse of the original infection of re-infection of a different strain, is problematic in sub-Saharan Africa. Patients infected with Cng have been known to present with symptoms many weeks, or even years, after initial treatment, posing the question of whether there has been a relapse in infection, or if the patient has become re-infected with a different strain. We used whole-genome sequencing to assess the biological basis of in-host microevolution of relapse infections in 17 immunocompromised individuals.