Rhizosphere microbial community construction in coffee is synergistically driven by root metabolome and soil properties

Collectively, our findings support a hierarchical assembly paradigm in the coffee rhizosphere, whereby soil physicochemical properties define the primary rules of community membership and function, and the root metabolome provides secondary, taxa-specific modulation. This conceptual framework offers a theoretical basis for steering rhizosphere microbiomes toward more sustainable and functional states through soil-focused management strategies.