SURGICAL APPROACHES IN EMERGENCY ABDOMINAL CONDITIONS. MODERN PROBLEMS AND INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION

This comprehensive scientific article covers the modern, multifaceted aspects of diagnosing and treating acute intestinal obstruction (AIO), one of the most complex and high-mortality pathologies in emergency abdominal surgery. The study provides a deep analysis of the clinical and instrumental effectiveness of traditional open laparotomy versus modern video-laparoscopic technologies based on the experience of the Republican Research Centre of Emergency Medicine (RRCEM) of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The article highlights the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms of obstruction, updated algorithms for intensive preoperative preparation, modern criteria for assessing intestinal wall viability, and tactics for forming safe anastomoses. The results of the study scientifically substantiate the role of the laparoscopic approach in reducing the number of complications, shortening the duration of postoperative intestinal paresis, and improving the quality of life of patients. Additionally, the article provides practical recommendations for choosing surgical tactics in various forms of AIO, an analysis of differential diagnostic errors, and ways to optimize inpatient treatment costs.