Meteorological Data from BGS Virkisjökull-Falljökull Glacier Observatory, 2009-2020

This dataset presents meteorological records from 3 weather stations around a glacier in southeast Iceland from 2009-2020. The weather stations were installed as part of British Geological Survey’s Glacier Observatory project, and were positioned at different altitudes close to the ice to record glacier weather. The data is in text format, and records key meteorological parameters including temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar irradiance. The weather stations were placed around Virkisjökull-Falljökull, an outlet glacier of the Öraefajökull ice cap in south east Iceland (AWS1 at 16°48'19"W, 63°57'53"N; AWS3 at 16°47'5"W, 63°58'13"N, and AWS4 at 16°48'7"W , 63°59'52"N). AWS1 was installed in September 2009, with AWS3 installed in September 2010, and AWS4 in September 2011. AWS3 and AWS4 were decommissioned in August 2018, and AWS1 in May 2020. AWS1 was located 100m from the current glacier margin at 156m a.s.l.; AWS3 sat 50m from the icefall at 444m a.s.l.; and AWS4 was situated on a clifftop overlooking the glacier at 858m a.s.l., close to the Equilibrium Line Altitude of the glacier. These were positioned at different altitudes to determine changes in weather parameters with height, thus producing for example, temperature or humidity gradients. The three stations were wirelessly linked, allowing data from the upper stations to be offloaded to the datalogger on the lower station. On-site downloads were completed using Campbell Scientific LoggerNet 4.x series software. AWS1 maintained mobile phone telemetry enabling automatic remote downloads of data from all stations on a daily basis, and remote access for software updates and health checks. Each AWS supported a slightly different sensor array, depending on the requirements of the site, and were mounted on 1.5m Campbell Scientific tripods. All of the stations were designed around a Campbell Scientific CR800 datalogger, and were solar powered, using combinations of PV panels up to 100W, supplying a Campbell Scientific 25Ah battery mounted on the tripod, plus a 110Ah gel cell battery back up in a separate housing. The data will be of use to researchers and students interested in the weather of southeast Iceland, glacier climate, local influence of glaciers on more regional synoptic weather systems, glacier climate modellers, glacier hydrologists and hydrogeologists. The BGS project was led and coordinated by Dr Jez Everest, technical support and implementation by Heiko Buxel and data Quality Assurance and checking by Dr Jon Mackay. Any periods where equipment malfunction, testing or replacement meant that no or unreliable data were collected are indicated by a ‘NAN’ value in the datasets.

本数据集呈现了东南冰岛冰川周边三处气象站自2009年至2020年的气象记录。这些气象站作为英国地质调查局冰川观测项目的一部分而设立，位于冰层附近的多个海拔高度，以记录冰川的气象情况。数据以文本格式呈现，记录了包括温度、相对湿度、大气压力、降水量、风速和风向以及太阳辐射等关键气象参数。气象站分布在大冰川Virkisjökull-Falljökull周围，该冰川为东南冰岛Öraefajökull冰帽的出口冰川（AWS1位于西经16°48'19"，北纬63°57'53"；AWS3位于西经16°47'5"，北纬63°58'13"；AWS4位于西经16°48'7"，北纬63°59'52"）。AWS1于2009年9月安装，AWS3于2010年9月安装，AWS4于2011年9月安装。AWS3和AWS4于2018年8月退役，AWS1于2020年5月退役。AWS1距离当前冰川边缘100米，海拔156米；AWS3位于冰瀑布50米处，海拔444米；AWS4位于海拔858米的悬崖上，俯瞰冰川，接近冰川的平衡线高度。这些站点位于不同的海拔高度，以确定气象参数随高度的变化，从而产生了例如温度或湿度梯度。三个站点通过无线连接，允许将上层站点的数据下传至下层站点的数据记录器。现场下载使用的是Campbell Scientific LoggerNet 4.x系列软件。AWS1配备移动电话遥测功能，能够实现所有站点每日数据的自动远程下载，以及远程访问软件更新和健康检查。每个AWS根据站点的需求支持略微不同的传感器阵列，并安装在1.5米高的Campbell Scientific三脚架上。所有站点均以Campbell Scientific CR800数据记录器为核心设计，采用太阳能供电，使用最大功率达100W的PV面板组合，为安装在三角架上的Campbell Scientific 25Ah电池供电，并配备一个位于独立外壳中的110Ah胶体电池作为备用电源。这些数据将对关注东南冰岛气象、冰川气候、冰川对区域天气系统局部影响的研究人员和学生们具有价值。英国地质调查局项目由Jez Everest博士领导并协调，技术支持和实施由Heiko Buxel负责，数据质量保证和检查由Jon Mackay博士负责。任何因设备故障、测试或更换导致无法收集或数据不可靠的时段，在数据集中以‘NAN’值表示。