Temperament score

Data from a study investigating the relationship between temperament and gut microbiota composition/diversity in preschool-aged children (under review). <br> Mothers collected stool samples from children and completed questionnaires at home (e.g. temperament, socioeconomic status). We collected data on Japanese children aged 0–4 years between January and February 2021. A total of 293 children aged 3–4 completed both the stool collection and temperament questionnaires. We excluded nine children for the following reasons: (1) no answer to all or most of the following questions (socioeconomic status, antibiotic use within the last three months, mother’s psychiatric history); (2) their mother had a psychological disease under medical treatment or was taking medication related to psychiatric disorders. Finally, we analysed 284 children (mean age = 46.44 months, <em>SD</em> = 6.27 months, 172 boys and 112 girls). <br> Child temperament was assessed using maternal reports from the Japanese version of Children’s Behaviour Questionnaire Short Form (CBQ-SF) (Kusanagi &amp; Hoshi, 2017). The CBQ-SF consists of 92 items. For each item, mothers rated their child’s behaviour in various daily situations observed in the last two weeks on a 7-point scale (1 = not observed at all to 7 = always observed). <br> Data include general participant information (ID, gender, age) and temperament scores (Negative Affectivity, Surgency/Extraversion, Anger, Fear, Sadness, Shyness, Impulsivity). These data were used in multiple regression analyses to examine the association between temperament and gut microbiota composition/diversity. <br> This study is part of a research project in Japan entitled The Principle of Human Social Brain-Mind Development. Participants were recruited from nursery schools throughout Japan that agreed to participate in the study. Written informed consent was obtained from the mothers of children. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Kyoto University (no. R2624) and registered in the UMIN system (UMIN000043945).