Effects of the screened pathogens in summer on the observed honeybee winter mortality, based on probit models and exhaustive model searches in which the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was minimized.

aBased on an exhaustive search with the following set of predictor variables: presence or absence of N. apis, N. ceranae, C. mellificae, A. bombi, S. melliferum, A. borealis, ALPV, DWV, BQCV, SBV, LSV, VDMLV, V. destructor as well as the natural V. destructor drop and Nosema spore load.bBased on an exhaustive search, including all pathogens which occurred in more than 10 out of 229 colonies and which in a full main effects model had probit coefficients >0.2 (N. ceranae, C. mellificae, V. destructor, S. melliferum and BQCV) and DWV, which has been linked to winter mortality before [10], [26], as well as their first order interaction effects.