Cropland concentration powers sustainable intensification of agriculture in China

1) Raster data National-scale cropland extent data (2000–2020):National cropland extent rasters at 30 m spatial resolution for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, used to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of cropland across the country. Provincial-scale cropland projection data (2040):Scenario-based cropland projection for the year 2040 at 30 m spatial resolution, provided at the provincial scale, to analyze future cropland spatial distribution and change trends. 2) Statistical data Statistical results and summary tables supporting the core conclusions of the paper, enabling reproduction of the main statistical analyses and findings. 3) Code Cropland projection code (Python):Python scripts for generating provincial-scale cropland projection rasters for 2040 and related processing workflows. Uncertainty analysis code (R):R scripts for conducting uncertainty assessment and statistical evaluation of model results. Cropland extent extraction code (Google Earth Engine, JavaScript):JavaScript scripts for extracting national cropland extent rasters for 2000–2020 on the Google Earth Engine platform, including necessary preprocessing and data export.