Micro-/nano-scale structure and elemental diffusion at the glaze interface in Chinese Tang statuettes

Tang glazed pottery is a significant part of Chinese cultural heritage, with many artefacts now available on Western art markets. However, these pieces have not been systematically studied, often raising concerns about their authenticity. This pilot synchrotron study will focus on a sample set including authentic fragments and modern reproductions from key Chinese art collections in Italy. The pottery consists of a ceramic base with a micrometric lead glaze. The research will examine cross-sections to explore the ceramic/glaze interface at the nanoscale, seeking differences in crystal phases and elemental distributions indicative of distinct production techniques. The study will use micro-XRD and nano-XRF to map cation diffusion, investigate interfacial crystallites, and analyse alumina clusters formed by aluminium ion migration. This research aims to enhance understanding of Tang ceramic production and identify authentication markers