InvaCost: Economic cost estimates associated with biological invasions worldwide.

InvaCost is the most
up-to-date, comprehensive, standardized and robust data compilation and
description of economic cost estimates associated with invasive species
worldwide1. InvaCost has been constructed to provide a contemporary
and freely available repository of monetary impacts that can be relevant for
both research and evidence-based policy making. The ongoing work made by the
InvaCost consortium2,3,4 leads to constantly improving the structure
and content of the database (see sections below). The list of actual
contributors to this data resource now largely exceeds the list of authors
listed in this page. All details regarding the previous versions of InvaCost can be found by switching from one version to another using the “version” button above. IMPORTANT UPDATES: 1. All information, files, outcomes, updates and resources related to the InvaCost project are now available on a new website: http://invacost.fr/2. The names of the following columns have been changed between the previous and the current version: ‘Raw_cost_estimate_local_currency’ is now named ‘Raw_cost_estimate_original_currency’; ‘Min_Raw_cost_estimate_local_currency’ is now named ‘Min_Raw_cost_estimate_original_currency’; ‘Max_Raw_cost_estimate_local_currency’ is now named ‘Max_Raw_cost_estimate_original_currency’; ‘Cost_estimate_per_year_local_currency’ is now named ‘Cost_estimate_per_year_original_currency’3. The Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about the database and how to (1) understand it, (2) analyse it and (3) add new data are available at: https://farewe.github.io/invacost_FAQ/. There are over 60 questions (and responses), so there’s probably yours.4. Accordingly with the continuous development and updates of the database, a ‘living figure’ is now available online to display the evolving relative contributions of different taxonomic groups and regions to the overall cost estimates as the database is updated: https://borisleroy.com/invacost/invacost_livingfigure.html5. We have now added a new column called ‘InvaCost_ID’, which is now used to identify each cost entry in the current and future public versions of the database. As this new column only affects the identification of the cost entries and not their categorisation, this is not considered as a change of the structure of the whole database. Therefore, the first level of the version numbering remains ‘4’ (see VERSION NUMBERING section).

CONTENT: This page contains four files: (1) 'InvaCost_database_v4.1' which contains 13,553 cost entries depicted by 66 descriptive columns; (2) ‘Descriptors 4.1’ provides full definition and details about the descriptive columns used in the database; (3) ‘Update_Invacost_4.1’ has details about the all the changes made between previous and current versions of InvaCost; (4) ‘InvaCost_template_4.1’ (downloadable file) provides an easier way of entering data in the spreadsheet, standardizing all the terms used on it as much as possible to avoid mistakes and saving time at post-refining stages (this file should be used by any external contributor to propose new cost data).

METHODOLOGY: All the
methodological details and tools used to build and populate this database are
available in Diagne et al. 20201 and Angulo et al. 20215. Note that several papers used different approaches to investigate and analyse the database, and they are all available on our website http://invacost.fr/.

VERSION NUMBERING: InvaCost is regularly updated with contributions from both authors and future users in order to improve it both quantitatively (by new cost information) and qualitatively (if errors are identified). Any reader or user can propose to update InvaCost by filling the ‘InvaCost_updates_template’ file with new entries or corrections, and sending it to our email address ([e-mail]). Each updated public version of InvaCost is stored in this figShare repository, with a unique version number. For this purpose, we consider the original version of InvaCost publicly released in September 2020 as ‘InvaCost_1.0’. The further updated versions are named using the subsequent numbering (e.g., ‘InvaCost_2.0’, InvaCost_2.1’) and all information on changes made are provided in a dedicated file called ‘Updates-InvaCost’ (named using the same numbering, e.g., ‘Updates-InvaCost_2.0’, ‘Updates-InvaCost_2.1’). We consider changing the first level of this numbering (e.g. ‘InvaCost_3.x’ ‘InvaCost_4.x’) only when the structure of the database changes. Every user wanting to have the most up-to-date version of the database should refer to the latest released version.

RECOMMENDATIONS: Every user should read the ‘Usage notes’ section of Diagne et al. 20201 before considering the database for analysis purposes or specific interpretation. InvaCost compiles cost data published in the literature, but does not aim to provide a ready-to-use dataset for specific analyses. While the cost data are described in a homogenized way in InvaCost, the intrinsic disparity, complexity, and heterogeneity of the cost data require specific data processing depending on the user objectives (see our FAQ). However, we provide necessary information and caveats about recorded costs, and we have now an open-source software designed to query and analyse this database6.

CAUTION: InvaCost is
currently being analysed by a network of international collaborators in the
frame of the InvaCost project2,3,4 (see https://invacost.fr/en/outcomes/). Interested users may contact the
InvaCost team if they wish to learn more about or contribute to these current
efforts. Users are in no way prevented from performing their own independent
analyses and collaboration with this network is not required. Nonetheless,
users and contributors are encouraged to contact the InvaCost team before using the
database, as the information contained may not be directly implementable for
specific analyses.

RELATED LINKS AND
PUBLICATIONS:

1 Diagne, C.,
Leroy, B., Gozlan, R.E. et al. InvaCost, a public database of the economic costs of
biological invasions worldwide. Sci Data 7, 277 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00586-z

2 Diagne C, Catford JA,
Essl F, Nuñez MA, Courchamp F (2020) What are the economic costs of biological
invasions? A complex topic requiring international and interdisciplinary
expertise. NeoBiota 63: 25–37. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.63.55260

3 Researchgate page: https://www.researchgate.net/project/InvaCost-assessing-the-economic-costs-of-biological-invasions

4 InvaCost workshop: https://www.biodiversitydynamics.fr/invacost-workshop/

5 Angulo E,
Diagne C, Ballesteros-Mejia L. et al. (2021) Non-English languages enrich scientific
knowledge: the example of economic costs of biological invasions. Science of
the Total Environment 775:144441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144441

6Leroy B, Kramer A M,
Vaissière A-C, Courchamp F and Diagne C (2020) Analysing global economic costs
of invasive alien species with the invacost R package. BioRXiv. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.10.419432

InvaCost 为全球范围内最具时效性、全面性、标准化和稳健性的入侵物种经济成本估算数据集的编纂与描述。该数据集旨在构建一个现代且免费开放的货币影响库，对科研和基于证据的政策制定具有重要意义。InvaCost 联盟的持续工作不断优化数据库的结构和内容（详见下文各节）。目前，对该数据资源的实际贡献者名单已远远超过本页所列作者名单。通过上方的“版本”按钮切换，可查阅 InvaCost 前版本的详细信息。重要更新：1. 所有与 InvaCost 项目相关的信息、文件、成果、更新和资源现均可在新网站 http://invacost.fr/ 上获取。2. 以下列出的列名在先前版本和当前版本之间已更改：‘Raw_cost_estimate_local_currency’ 现更名为‘Raw_cost_estimate_original_currency’；‘Min_Raw_cost_estimate_local_currency’ 现更名为‘Min_Raw_cost_estimate_original_currency’；‘Max_Raw_cost_estimate_local_currency’ 现更名为‘Max_Raw_cost_estimate_original_currency’；‘Cost_estimate_per_year_local_currency’ 现更名为‘Cost_estimate_per_year_original_currency’。3. 关于数据库的常见问题解答（FAQ），包括如何（1）理解它、（2）分析它和（3）添加新数据，可在 https://farewe.github.io/invacost_FAQ/ 上找到。共有超过 60 个问题（及回答），您的问题可能已得到解答。4. 随着数据库的持续发展和更新，现在在线上提供了一个“活图”，以展示不同分类群和地区对总体成本估算的演变相对贡献，随着数据库的更新而变化：https://borisleroy.com/invacost/invacost_livingfigure.html。5. 我们已新增一个名为‘InvaCost_ID’的列，现用于识别数据库当前和未来公共版本中的每个成本条目。由于此新列仅影响成本条目的识别，而不影响其分类，因此这不被视为整个数据库结构的变更。因此，版本编号的第一级仍为‘4’（见版本编号部分）。内容：本页包含四个文件：（1）‘InvaCost_database_v4.1’，其中包含 13,553 个成本条目，由 66 个描述性列表示；（2）‘Descriptors 4.1’提供了数据库中使用的描述性列的完整定义和详细信息；（3）‘Update_Invacost_4.1’包含了 InvaCost 前一版本和当前版本之间所做的所有变更的详细信息；（4）‘InvaCost_template_4.1’（可下载文件）提供了一种更简便的输入数据到电子表格的方法，尽可能标准化该表格上使用的所有术语，以避免错误并节省后期精炼阶段的时间（任何外部贡献者都应使用此文件提出新的成本数据）。方法论：构建和填充此数据库所使用的方法论细节和工具可在 Diagne 等人（2020）1 和 Angulo 等人（2021）5 的论文中找到。请注意，有几篇论文使用了不同的方法来调查和分析数据库，它们均可在我们的网站上找到 http://invacost.fr/。版本编号：InvaCost 定期通过作者和未来用户的贡献进行更新，以提高其质量和数量（通过新的成本信息）。任何读者或用户都可以通过填写‘InvaCost_updates_template’文件并发送至我们的电子邮件地址（[e-mail]）的方式，提出更新 InvaCost 的建议。每个更新的 InvaCost 公共版本都存储在此 figShare 存储库中，并具有唯一的版本号。为此，我们将 2020 年 9 月公开发布的 InvaCost 的原始版本视为‘InvaCost_1.0’。进一步的更新版本使用后续编号命名（例如，‘InvaCost_2.0’，‘InvaCost_2.1’）并且所有关于变更的信息都提供在一个专门的文件中，称为‘Updates-InvaCost’（使用相同的编号命名，例如‘Updates-InvaCost_2.0’，‘Updates-InvaCost_2.1’）。我们仅在数据库结构发生变化时才会更改该编号的第一级（例如，‘InvaCost_3.x’，‘InvaCost_4.x’）。希望获取数据库最新版本的用户应参考最新发布的版本。建议：在考虑对数据库进行分析或特定解释之前，每位用户都应阅读 Diagne 等人（2020）1 中的“使用说明”部分。InvaCost 整理了文献中发布的成本数据，但并不旨在提供适用于特定分析的现成数据集。虽然 InvaCost 中的成本数据以统一的方式进行描述，但成本数据的内在差异、复杂性和异质性需要根据用户目标进行特定的数据处理（详见我们的 FAQ）。然而，我们提供了有关记录的成本的必要信息和警告，并且我们现在有一个开源软件用于查询和分析此数据库6。注意：InvaCost 目前正在 InvaCost 项目2、3、4 的框架下由一个国际合作网络进行分析（见 https://invacost.fr/en/outcomes/）。有兴趣的用户可以联系 InvaCost 团队，如欲了解更多或参与这些当前的努力。用户在执行独立分析或与该网络合作方面没有任何限制。尽管如此，用户和贡献者在使用数据库之前被鼓励联系 InvaCost 团队，因为其中包含的信息可能无法直接应用于特定分析。相关链接和出版物：1 Diagne, C.，Leroy, B.，Gozlan, R.E. 等。InvaCost，全球生物入侵经济成本公开数据库。Sci Data 7，277（2020）。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00586-z2 Diagne C, Catford JA, Essl F, Nuñez MA, Courchamp F（2020）生物入侵的经济成本是什么？一个需要国际和多学科专家知识的复杂问题。NeoBiota 63：25–37。https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.63.552603 研究门页面：https://www.researchgate.net/project/InvaCost-assessing-the-economic-costs-of-biological-invasions4 InvaCost 工作坊：https://www.biodiversitydynamics.fr/invacost-workshop/5 Angulo E, Diagne C, Ballesteros-Mejia L. 等。（2021）非英语语言丰富了科学知识：生物入侵经济成本的例子。Science of the Total Environment 775：144441。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.1444416 Leroy B, Kramer A M, Vaissière A-C, Courchamp F 和 Diagne C（2020）使用 invacost R 包分析全球入侵外来物种的经济成本。BioRXiv。doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.10.419432