Genome-wide identification and characterization of VQ genes from cultivated peanut and their response to abiotic stresses

Using RNA-seq technology, we analyzed the transcriptional response of cold-tolerant peanut varieties under low-temperature stress. Under a 2-hour cold treatment, multiple significantly differentially expressed genes were identified, indicating that peanuts can rapidly respond to short-term cold stress by actively regulating the expression of numerous genes. Further analysis through GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in multiple key biological processes and metabolic pathways. These included photosynthesis-related metabolic pathways, the MAPK cascade signaling pathway, plant hormone signaling pathways, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways. During the initial stages of cold stress, peanuts likely enhance their adaptability to low-temperature conditions through multiple mechanisms. These include regulating photosynthetic efficiency, activating signal transduction networks, coordinating hormone regulation, and adjusting sugar metabolism homeostasis.