Health insurance payments for Alamosa City residents that sought healthcare during an outbreak of salmonellosis, Alamosa, Colorado 2008.

*Because data were obtained from the hospital only, clinic/doctor’s office visit costs only include laboratory but not physicians’ fees.†We have removed the background rate of diarrhea in the population (5%) to get the percent of illness due to outbreak (21%−5% = 16%). The number of ill persons was the denominator for subsequent proportions who incurred the costs (e.g., 29%,71%, 21% and 8%).‡Costs extrapolated to the City of Alamosa as: total population (N = 8,746)×% incurring costs (column 3 above)×cost distribution (Table S3 in File S1) using a Monte Carlo simulation model with 10,000 iterations. Total cost derived from median of 10,000 iterations and range represents the 5th to 95th percentiles of the 10,000 iterations of the Monte Carlo simulation model. See main text and Supporting Information (in File S1) for details.