Data associated with the paper "NoahPy: A differentiable Noah land surface model for simulating permafrost thermo-hydrology"

The data are provided to accompany and reproduce the results presented in the paper "NoahPy: A differentiable Noah land surface model for simulating permafrost thermo-hydrology" submitted to Geoscientific Model Development for consideration of publication.The dataset mainly corresponds to three parts of the study:1. Numerical equivalence with the modified Noah LSMIncludes the data comparing NoahPy with the modified Noah LSM to demonstrate numerical consistency.<br>2.Performance of the calibrated NoahPy Thermo-hydrological simulation at the Tanggula siteIncludes observation-driven simulations evaluating permafrost soil temperature and liquid water dynamics at the Tanggula site.3.Comparative performance evaluationIncludes the outputs evaluating NoahPy+Adman workflow against traditional methods (SCE-UA), providing evaluation of NoahPy’s performance across different metrics and scenarios.<br>File Description1.Numerical equivalence with the modified Noah LSM/: Data used for numerical equivalence experiments.2.Numerical equivalence with the modified Noah LSM/: Data and results for the Tanggula permafrost site simulations.3.Comparative performance evaluation/: Data for model evaluation and performance assessment.<br>Notes：File formats: CSVUnits and variable names are consistent with those described in the paper.Code and Data Availability：The NoahPy model code used in this study is available at: https://github.com/nanzt/NoahPyThe exact version used to generate the results is archived on Zenodo: DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16530326The original Noah LSM (v3.4.1) code used in this study: https://ral.ucar.edu/model/unified-noah-lsmThe modified Noah LSM code: https://github.com/nanzt/noahtibet-ef<br>--Wenbiao Tian &amp; Zhuotong Nanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7930-3850https://permalab.science<br><br><br>