Angiogenesis, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the Wnt signaling pathways may mediate primary resistance to chemo-immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer patients

Diagnostic endoscopic biopsies were retrospectively obtained from advanced GC patients previously categorized as responders (R) or non-responders (NR) to chemo-immunotherapy. Thirty-four tumor biopsies (R n=16, NR n=18) were analyzed by 3 prime- massive analysis of cDNA ends (3MACE). We found more than 30 differentially expressed genes between R and NRs. Subsequent pathway enrichment analyses demonstrated that angiogenesis and the Wnt-b-catenin signaling pathway were enriched in NRs