2019年风云四号气象卫星数据集

风云四号A星于2016年12月11日由“长征三号乙”改进Ⅲ型运载火箭在西昌卫星发射中心成功发射，于2016年12月17日成功定点于东经99.5度赤道上空。风云四号A星是当时最先进的综合大气观测卫星，它的成功发射开启了我国新一代静止气象卫星的新时代。风云四号A星装载了先进的静止轨道辐射成像仪、干涉式大气垂直探测仪、闪电成像仪和空间环境监测仪器。风云四号A星扫描成像辐射计主要承担获取云图的任务，共14通道，是风云二号5通道的近三倍，在风云二号观测云、水汽、植被、地表的基础上，还具备了捕捉气溶胶、雪的能力，并且能清晰区分云的不同相态和高、中层水汽。相比于风云二号单一可见光通道的限制，风云四号首次制作出彩色卫星云图，最快1分钟生成一次区域观测图像。干涉式大气垂直探测仪是国际上第一台在静止轨道上以红外高光谱干涉分光方式探测大气垂直结构的精密遥感仪器，在静止轨道上从二维观测进入三维综合观测。闪电成像仪为亚太地区首次研制发射的同类载荷，测试数据印证了其可对我国及周边区域闪电进行探测，进而实现强对流天气的监测和跟踪，提供闪电灾害预警。此外，空间环境监测仪器具备监测太阳活动和空间环境的能力，探测通道数量、探测精度显著提高。

The FY-4A satellite was successfully launched on December 11, 2016, by a Long March 3B enhanced carrier rocket from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, and was accurately positioned over the equator at 99.5° east longitude on December 17, 2016. As the most advanced comprehensive atmospheric observation satellite at that time, its successful launch ushered in a new era for China's next-generation geostationary meteorological satellites.

The FY-4A satellite carries a suite of advanced payloads including a geostationary radiometer imager, an interferometric atmospheric vertical sounder, a lightning imager, and a space environment monitor. The scanning imaging radiometer of FY-4A is primarily tasked with acquiring cloud imagery, featuring 14 spectral channels—nearly three times the 5 channels carried by FY-2 satellites. In addition to the cloud, water vapor, vegetation, and surface observations supported by FY-2 satellites, it can also detect aerosols and snow, and clearly differentiate between various cloud phases and upper/middle-level water vapor. Breaking through the limitation of single visible light channel on FY-2 satellites, FY-4A produced China's first color satellite cloud imagery, and is capable of generating regional observation images as quickly as once per minute.

The interferometric atmospheric vertical sounder is the world's first precision remote sensing instrument to detect atmospheric vertical structure via infrared hyperspectral interferometry in geostationary orbit, enabling the shift from two-dimensional observations to three-dimensional comprehensive observations in geostationary orbit. The lightning imager is the first such payload developed and launched in the Asia-Pacific region. Test data have confirmed that it can detect lightning over China and its surrounding regions, thus realizing the monitoring and tracking of severe convective weather and providing early warnings for lightning disasters.

Furthermore, the space environment monitor is capable of monitoring solar activity and space environment, with a notably increased number of detection channels and improved detection accuracy.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

2019年风云四号气象卫星数据集是由国家卫星气象中心发布的，包含风云四号A星采集的多通道成像、大气垂直探测、闪电成像和空间环境监测等数据，存储容量为31.43 TB，数据格式为HDF。该数据集展示了我国新一代静止气象卫星的先进观测能力。