Costs and Returns Survey of Onion Production 2006 - Philippines

Abstract
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Information on onion farming will help provide directions to agricultural entrpreneurs and investors. It also serves the statistical requirements of onion growers and policy makers for planning and decision making regarding onion production and marketing.

The survey aimed at generating updated data on levels and structure of production costs and returns. Specifically, it was conducted to detemine the indicators of profitability such as gross and net returns, returns above cash costs, net profit - cost ratio, etc.; usage of materials and labor inputs; and other related socio-economic variables including information on new production technologies.

Geographic coverage
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The survey covered the top three (3) onion producing provinces namely: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan and Nueva Ecija.

Analysis unit
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Agricultural holdings

Universe
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The survey covered all onion farms with harvests during the last completed cropping in 2006 as the reference period.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The domain of the study was the province, with the last completed production cycle in 2006 as reference period. The lists of onion producing barangays by province prepared by the concerned BAS Provincial Operations Centers (POCs) served as the sampling frame for this study. The lists contained data on area devoted to onion production and number of onion farmers as of 2006. These data were obtained from the Municipal Agriculturist Offices, Agricultural Technicians, barangay officials and other key informants in the barangays and updated results of the Barangay Screening Survey (BSS).

A two-stage sampling design was employed with the barangay as the primary sampling unit and the onion farmer as the secondary and ultimate sampling unit. The barangays were drawn using systematic sampling from an ordered list of barangays with at least five onion farmers. Systematic sampling was used so that both large and small barangays in the province in terms of onion production would be represented in the sample. On the other hand, sample operators were identified using snowball approach during data collection. During the search for sample operators, a set of screening questions was applied to see to it that the samples satisfy the following criteria: 1) must be engaged in onion production, and 2) must have harvested onion in 2006.

The total sample size was 100 onion growers per province and this was equally allocated to 20 sample barangays. The survey resulted in the following distribution of sample farmers by province:
1. Ilocos Norte (100)
2. Pangasinan (100)
3. Nueva Ecija (100)

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face paper [f2f]

Cleaning operations
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Manual editing was initially done at the Provincial Operations Center during and after data collection using the CRS editing guidelines prepared by the Central Office. The edited questionnaires were again checked at the Central Office. Coding and encoding were likewise done at the Central Office.

The document on Editing Guidelines is provided in the technical documents.

Response rate
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Response rate of 100 percent

Data appraisal
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Series of reviews were done to assess the quality of the data in terms of reliability and acceptability. A comparison with the results of past surveys on input usage, labor utilization, production cost and return structure of onion was made.

摘要
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洋葱种植信息有助于为农业企业家和投资者提供指导。同时，它也满足了洋葱种植者和政策制定者在洋葱生产和市场营销规划与决策中的统计数据需求。

本调查旨在生成关于生产成本和收益水平及结构的最新数据。具体而言，调查旨在确定盈利指标，如毛收益和净收益、超过现金成本收益、净利润-成本比等；材料和使用劳动投入的使用情况；以及其他相关社会经济变量，包括关于新型生产技术的信息。

地理覆盖范围
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调查涵盖了前三个（3）洋葱生产大省，即：伊洛科斯北省、邦阿辛省和新艾西亚省。

分析单元
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农业经营单位

总体
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调查涵盖了在2006年最后一个作物周期有收获的所有洋葱农场。

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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研究范围为省份，以2006年最后一个生产周期为参考期。由相关BAS省操作中心（POCs）编制的洋葱生产村列表作为本研究的抽样框架。这些列表包含了截至2006年的洋葱生产面积和洋葱农民数量。这些数据是从市政农业官员、农业技术人员、村官员和其他关键信息提供者以及村筛查调查（BSS）的更新结果中获得的。

采用了两阶段抽样设计，以村为初级抽样单位，以洋葱种植户为次级和最终抽样单位。通过对至少有五个洋葱种植户的村进行系统抽样来抽取村庄。采用系统抽样的目的是确保在样本中既包括大村庄也包括小村庄，从洋葱生产的角度来看，这些村庄都应得到代表。另一方面，在数据收集期间，使用滚雪球方法确定了样本操作员。在寻找样本操作员的过程中，应用了一套筛选问题，以确保样本满足以下标准：1）必须从事洋葱生产，2）必须在2006年收获洋葱。

每个省份的总样本量为100名洋葱种植户，并均匀分配到20个样本村。调查导致以下省份样本农民的分布：
1. 伊洛科斯北省（100人）
2. 邦阿辛省（100人）
3. 新艾西亚省（100人）

数据收集方式
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面对面纸质问卷 [f2f]

清洗操作
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在数据收集期间及之后，在省操作中心使用中央办公室编制的CRS编辑指南进行了初步的人工编辑。编辑后的问卷又在中央办公室进行了复查。编码和编码工作也是在中央办公室进行的。

编辑指南文件提供在技术文件中。

响应率
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100%的响应率

数据评估
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进行了一系列审查，以评估数据的可靠性及可接受性。将数据与过去关于洋葱投入使用、劳动力利用、生产成本和收益结构调查的结果进行了比较。