Socioeconomic gradients modulate climate–soil interactions driving plant punctional traits across China

This dataset contains functional trait values for 25,624 vascular plant species across China, including leaf area, maximum plant height, seed size, and cone size, along with geographic coordinates. Environmental variables (climate, soil, NDVI, PM2.5) and provincial per capita GDP are provided for each sampling location. Data were compiled from multiple repositories, harmonized taxonomically, and quality-controlled to remove missing or implausible coordinates and reduce spatial sampling bias. This dataset enables analysis of plant functional traits under diverse environmental and socioeconomic conditions across China.