Data for: A comparison of ecomorphology between introduced and native Australian dung beetles

Morphometric data from all genera of native Australian dung beetles (n=128) and every species of introduced dung beetle (n=25), with both data groups including both rolling and tunnelling taxa. There are more rolling than tunnelling native species (73 and 55 respectively). Of the introduced species, almost all are tunnellers (23) compared to just two rollers. Specimens were sampled from two invertebrate museum collections: the South Australian Museum (SAM) in Adelaide, South Australia, and the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC) in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. Across these two collections, a total of 262 specimens were measured (Table S1). Where possible, only males were selected for each species; however, this was not always an option, as sometimes only females had been collected, or the specimen was preserved in a way that did not allow for sexing of the beetle. In total, 212 males were selected, 81% of the data, alongside 35 females (13%) and 14 of unknown sex (5%). 

Macrographs and measurements were acquired on a Nikon SMZ1270 stereo microscope and with a Plan Apo 0.5x/WF lens, using the software NIS-Elements (Nikon Corporation; Tokyo, Japan) at the SAM. At the ANIC, macrographs and measurements were acquired on a Leica M205C stereomicroscope and with a Leica DF500 camera, using the software Leica Application Suite 3.4 (Leica Camera; Wetzlar, Germany). A total of 27 linear measurements (measure in µm) (Table 1, Figure 1) were recorded from the live camera view for each specimen, as well as their sex (male, female, or unknown) and preservation orientation (dorsal, ventral, or both). The complete dataset can be found as supplementary material (Table S1). The order in which measurements were taken varied between specimens, as each was pinned in a unique manner, but generally began with dorsal measurements of the abdomen, pronotum, and head, followed by the limbs ventrally, and finally the depth of the tagmata (body segments). It was assumed that the left and right sides of all beetle bodies were symmetrical and therefore produced identical measurements. 

Some measurements had to be adapted for select genera as follows: Head: The head height and length excluded any horns present, as these tended to be quite large and may have caused distortion of the data. Pronotum: The pronotum height and length included any ridges or horns present, as they were valid height markers and when compared to the head horns, had far less impact on the data. Abdomen: The abdomen height excluded the femora, trochanters, or coxae. Femur: The forelimb femora included the attached trochanter; mid and hindlimb femora excluded it. To keep the width consistent when measuring the femur, it was always measured at a 90o angle to the length measurement, and then the measurement repositioned to encompass the widest section of the limb. Spurs located on the hindlimb femora were exclude from the hindlimb width measurement (example, Onitis caffer). This was achieved by measuring the width of the hindlimb at a 90o angle from the base of the spur to the corresponding side of the hindlimb. Tibia: The forelimb tibiae sometimes displayed signs of tibial wear, where the tibial teeth have been worn away from use, thus producing a smaller measurement of width. This was avoided by selecting young beetles that had more pronounced tibial teeth. All tibiae were measured at their widest point, which was generally near the distal end. As with the femur, the tibia width was measured at a 90o angle to the tibia length. Spurs or hooks located on the hind or midlimb tibiae were also excluded from the measurement (example, Coptodactyla ducalis). Tarsus: The tarsus width was generally measured across the first tarsomere, as this was the widest; however, this was not always true. The tarsus length was not included if there were any tarsomeres missing. The tarsus length excluded the claws, or ungues, at the distal end of the tarsus.

These data were collected in conjunction with the Honours Thesis by A. Harvey     
Comparative analysis and visualisation of shape variation between introduced and native Australian dung beetles (Scarabaeinae) completed November 2019 at University of Adelaide, School of Biological Sciences, supervised by Dr Emma Sherratt.

形态计量数据来自所有澳大利亚本地土著粪金龟属（n=128）及引入的粪金龟属的每一个物种（n=25），两组数据均包括滚粪和钻土的类群。本地物种中滚粪种类多于钻土种类（分别为73种和55种）。在引入的物种中，几乎全部为钻土种类（23种），而滚粪种类仅有两种。标本采集自两个无脊椎动物博物馆收藏：位于南澳大利亚阿德莱德的南澳大利亚博物馆（SAM）以及位于澳大利亚首都领地的澳大利亚国家昆虫收藏（ANIC）。在这两个收藏中，总计262个标本被测量（见表S1）。在可能的情况下，每个物种仅选择雄性标本；然而，由于有时只有雌性标本被采集，或者标本的保存方式不利于性别鉴定，因此并非总是有此选择。总计选择了212个雄性标本，占数据的81%，以及35个雌性标本（占13%）和14个性别未知标本（占5%）。

在SAM，使用尼康SMZ1270立体显微镜和Plan Apo 0.5x/WF镜头，借助NIS-Elements（尼康公司；东京，日本）软件获取了宏观图像和测量数据。在ANIC，使用徕卡M205C立体显微镜和徕卡DF500相机，借助徕卡应用套件3.4（徕卡相机；维茨拉尔，德国）获取了宏观图像和测量数据。对每个标本从活体相机视角记录了27个线性测量值（以微米为单位）（见表1，图1），以及它们的性别（雄性、雌性或未知）和保存方向（背侧、腹侧或两者）。完整的数据集可作为补充材料找到（见表S1）。测量顺序因标本而异，因为每个标本都以独特的方式固定，但通常首先测量腹部、前胸和头部的背侧尺寸，然后是腹侧的肢体，最后是体节深度。假设所有金龟子的左右两侧身体对称，因此产生的测量值相同。

某些测量值需要针对特定的属进行适应性调整：头部：头部的高度和长度排除了任何存在的角，因为这些角往往相当大，可能会扭曲数据。前胸：前胸的高度和长度包括了任何存在的脊或角，因为它们是有效的高度标记，并且与头角相比，对数据的影响远小得多。腹部：腹部的高度排除了股节、转子或坐骨。股节：前肢的股节包括了附着的转子；中后肢的股节排除了转子。为了在测量股节时保持宽度一致，总是将其与长度测量值成90度角进行测量，然后重新定位测量值以包括肢体的最宽部分。后肢股节上的距被排除在后肢宽度测量之外（例如，Onitis caffer）。这是通过在距的底部和相应的后肢侧面之间以90度角测量后肢宽度来实现的。胫节：前肢的胫节有时显示出胫节磨损的迹象，即使用过程中胫齿被磨损，从而产生了较小的宽度测量值。通过选择具有更明显的胫齿的年轻金龟子来避免这种情况。所有胫节都在其最宽处进行测量，这通常在远端附近。与股节一样，胫节宽度是与胫节长度成90度角测量的。后肢或中肢胫节上的距或钩也被排除在测量之外（例如，Coptodactyla ducalis）。跗节：跗节宽度通常测量在第一跗节上，因为这是最宽的部分；然而，这并不总是正确的。如果跗节缺失，则不包括跗节的长度。跗节的长度不包括跖端或爪子。这些数据是在与A. Harvey的荣誉论文相结合的情况下收集的，论文题目为“引入与本地澳大利亚粪金龟（Scarabaeinae）形状变异的比较分析和可视化”，于2019年11月在阿德莱德大学生物科学学院完成，由Emma Sherratt博士指导。