Temporal induction of immunoregulatory processes coincides with age-dependent resistance to viral-induced type 1 diabetes [Rat]

In applying this approach to the BN rat, we observed that samples collected from both sub-strains at 60 days of age induced transcription of genes encoding cytokines, immune receptors, and signaling molecules consistent with a their shared susceptibility and immune activation. The DRlyp/lyp signature was differentiated from that of the DR+/+ by more robust induction of many interleukin (IL)-1–regulated genes. Treatment of DRlyp/lyp rats with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) delayed onset and, in part, normalized the signature, suggesting that this approach may prove useful in monitoring the effect of therapeutic interventions in human T1D. Consistent with the presence of TREG cells in DR+/+ rats, we observed induction of a signature possessing negative regulators of transcription and inflammation.