Table_3_Initial Validation of the Mindful Presence Scale: The Issue of the Construal Level of Scale Items.XLSX

Our research has two main aims. It undertakes the validation of a six-item trait mindfulness scale called Mindful Presence Scale (MPS), which measures central aspects of mindfulness. For the first time in mindfulness literature, the construal level of scale items is also examined. Four questionnaire-based online studies were conducted. Study 1 drew three samples (nn = 391, np = 215, and nb = 235) from the students at the University of Debrecen. It examined the factor structure, reliability, and internal consistency of the three differently worded scale versions. The positively worded scale version (MPSp) yielded a stable two-factor structure and demonstrated the best psychometric properties. Study 2 performed a confirmatory factor analysis on a sample drawn from public employees across the country (ncfa = 420). The two-factor solution in Study 1 was confirmed. χ2 tests were not significant, and fit indices were excellent. There was no significant difference between the high-level construal subscale (Fhlc) and the low-level construal subscale (Fllc) in terms of factorial stability. Participant of Study 3 were students who did not take part in Study 1. The sample (ninv = 250) was tested for measurement invariance across gender. The scaled results supported strong/threshold invariance. Study 4 tested concurrent validity with 10 concurrent instruments. A sample of secondary school teachers (ncon = 128) was tested by examining Spearman's rank order correlations. There was a significant difference in how the Fhlc and Fllc subscales predicted scores of some of the concurrent instruments. Further research is warranted into how the construal level of mindfulness scale items affects the recollection of the mindful experience. Overall, MPSp proved to be a valid short mindfulness measure.

本研究旨在实现两大主要目标。首先，本研究对名为“觉察在场量表”（Mindful Presence Scale，简称 MPS）的六项特质觉察量表进行了验证，该量表旨在测量觉察的中心要素。在觉察文献中，该研究首次考察了量表条目的构念水平。共开展了四项基于问卷的在线研究。研究一从德布勒森大学的在校学生中抽取了三个样本（nn = 391，np = 215，nb = 235），以检验三个不同措辞的量表版本的因子结构、可靠性和内部一致性。积极措辞的量表版本（MPSp）展现出稳定的二因素结构，并表现出最佳的心理学特性。研究二对来自全国公务员的样本（ncfa = 420）进行了验证性因素分析，确认了研究一中的二因素解决方案。卡方检验不显著，拟合指数卓越。在因素稳定性方面，高级构念子量表（Fhlc）与低级构念子量表（Fllc）之间无显著差异。研究三的参与者为未参与研究一的学生。样本（ninv = 250）被用于检验性别间的测量不变性。量表结果支持了强烈的/阈限不变性。研究四通过10个同时工具检验了同时效度。对128名中学教师进行了检验，以考察斯皮尔曼秩次相关。在Fhlc和Fllc子量表预测某些同时工具分数方面存在显著差异。有必要进行进一步研究，以探讨觉察量表条目的构念水平如何影响对觉察体验的记忆。总体而言，MPSp被证明是一种有效的短时觉察测量工具。