„Glycosidic exclusion“ not protecting the „Oh“ or Bombay Type

<b>“Glycosidic exclusion” not protecting the “Oh” or <i>Bombay type.*;**</i></b> The classical <i>Bombay type</i> is characterized by the lack of expression of any ABO(H) epitope and instead shows the development of high isoagglutinin levels, additionally exerting strong binding of complement to anti-H agglutinin. The red cell surface presents with the naked structure Gal-β1-R, which has not been completed for the H-receptor (Fuc-α1-2-Gal-β1-R), thereby representing the structural fundament for ABOH epitopes. In its native form, the <i>Bombay</i> type occurs in individuals with the extremely rare genotype (h/h;se/se). This molecular biological phenomenon is explained by point mutations at the H- and Se genes on chromosome 19 such that the fucosyltransferases FUT1 and FUT2 are not encoded. FUT1 and FUT2 are epistatically connected with the A and B allelic glycotransferase functions encoded on chromosome 9, and fucosyl residues provide the functional-structural basis of the formation of any ABOH phenotype on the cell surface or in secretions and plasma proteins. Moreover, through developmental varying of the positions of the fucosyl residues between the cell surfaces and the heavy chains of immunoglobulins, they appear to augment or reduce antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (1;2;3). In fact, the seminal IgG of leucospermic infertile men appears to be characterized by poor fucosylation (4), while the rest of the seminal plasma may demonstrate high levels of non-immunoglobulin-linked fucosyl residues (5; 6; 7). This involves the regulation of growth processes and control over physiological autoreactivity in embryonic stem cell to germ cell transformation, where the predominantly <i>O</i>-glycosylations in <i>Bombay type</i> individuals are consequently exposed to metabolic competition with multiple glycosidic sites of specifically glycan-depleted, somatically <i>n o n- c o m p l e t e d</i> immunoglobulins. *Arend, Peter: ABO phenotype and innate isoagglutinin specificities as they arise from “glycosidic exclusion” and relate to human reproduction. A hypothesis* https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1368271 **Arend, Peter: Human fertility and ABO(H) histo (blood) group completenes as they relate to somatic fucosylations, https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.2007132 References. 1.) K. Masuda, K., Kubota, T., Kaneko, E., Iida, S., Wakitani, M., Kobayashi-Natsume, Y., Kubota, A., Shitara, K. &amp; Nakamura, Enhanced binding affinity for FcgammaRIIIa of fucose-negative antibody is sufficient to induce maximal antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.Mol.Immunol.44(2007)3122–31. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0161589007000776. 2.) M. Iida, S., Kuni-Kamochi, R., Mori, K., Misaka, H., Inoue, M., Okazaki, A., Shitara, K. &amp; Satoh, Two mechanisms of the enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) efficacy of non-fucosylated therapeutic antibodies in human blood., BMC Cancer. 9 (2009) 58. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-9-58. 3.) N. Yamane-Ohnuki, M. Satoh, Production of therapeutic antibodies with controlled fucosylation., MAbs. 1 (2009) 230–6. doi:10.4161/mabs.1.3.8328. 4.) E.M. Kratz, M. Ferens-Sieczkowska, R. Faundez, &amp; I. Kątnik-Prastowska, Changes in fucosylation of human seminal IgG and secretory component of IgA in leukocytospermic patients, Glycoconj. J. 31 (2014) 51–60. doi:10.1007/s10719-013-9501-y. 5.) G.C. Domino, S.E. Hurd, E.A. Thomsson, K.A. Karnak, D.M. Holmen Larsson, J.M. Thomsson, E. Bäckström, M., &amp; Hansson, Cervical mucins carry alpha(1,2)fucosylated glycans that partly protect from experimental vaginal candidiasis., Glycoconj. J. 26 (2009) 1125–34. doi:10.1007/s10719-009-9234-0. 6.) J. Smith, P. Myers, J. Rogers, C., Zhou, L. Petryniak, B. Becker, D. Homeister, &amp; J. Lowe, Conditional control of selectin ligand expression and global fucosylation events in mice with a targeted mutation at the FX locus., J. Cell Biol. 158 (2002) 801–15. doi:10.1083/jcb.200203125. 7.) [B. Olejnik, E.M. Kratz &amp; M. Zimmer, Glycoprotein fucosylation is increased in seminal plasma of subfertile men., Asian J Androl. 17 (2015) 274–80. doi:25248658 Abbreviations: ESC = embryonic stem cells; GC = germ cells