Table_1_The Discriminative Power of Different Olfactory Domains in Parkinson's Disease.docx

Background and Purpose: Olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) preceding the motor symptoms for years. This study aimed to evaluate different olfactory domains in PD patients in comparison with healthy controls and to explore the relationships among olfactory deficit and other clinical manifestations in patients with PD.Methods: Sniffin' Sticks test, which detects olfactory threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI), were conducted in 500 PD patients and 115 controls. Furthermore, demographic and clinical data including motor and other non-motor symptoms were collected.Results: In the single olfactory model, the identification test showed the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC = 0.818), followed by threshold test (AUC = 0.731) and discrimination test (AUC = 0.723). Specifically, the identification test has a similar discriminative power as the TDI score (0.818 and 0.828, respectively, p = 0.481). In the integrated olfactory model involved with other non-motor manifestations, identification test scores performed as good as the TDI score in differentiating PD patients from controls (0.916 and 0.918, respectively, p = 0.797). In PD patients, age and cognition together explained 7.5% of the variance of the threshold score, while age, cognition, and gender accounted for the 15.2% explained variance of the discrimination score, while cognition, age, the ability of daily living, and gender together interpreted 11.1% of the variance of the identification score.Conclusion: Our results indicated that the identification domain was the most practical olfactory factor in differentiating PD patients, and the combination of several different manifestations was better than a single symptom. Furthermore, the olfactory identification score may be associated with the ability of daily living.

背景与目的：嗅觉功能障碍是帕金森病（PD）中最常见的非运动症状之一，在运动症状出现之前可能持续数年。本研究旨在评估帕金森病患者在不同嗅觉领域中的表现，并与健康对照组进行比较，并探讨嗅觉缺陷与帕金森病患者其他临床表现之间的关系。方法：对500名帕金森病患者和115名对照组进行了Sniffin' Sticks测试，以检测嗅觉阈值、辨别和识别（TDI）。此外，收集了包括运动和其他非运动症状在内的人口统计学和临床数据。结果：在单一嗅觉模型中，识别测试的受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUC = 0.818）优于阈值测试（AUC = 0.731）和辨别测试（AUC = 0.723）。具体而言，识别测试的鉴别能力与TDI评分相似（分别为0.818和0.828，p = 0.481）。在涉及其他非运动表现的整合嗅觉模型中，识别测试分数在区分帕金森病患者与对照组方面与TDI评分相当（分别为0.916和0.918，p = 0.797）。在帕金森病患者中，年龄和认知能力共同解释了阈值分数的7.5%的变异性，而年龄、认知能力、性别则共同解释了辨别分数的15.2%的变异性，而认知能力、年龄、日常生活能力以及性别共同解释了识别分数的11.1%的变异性。结论：我们的研究结果指出，识别领域是区分帕金森病患者最实用的嗅觉因素，多种表现形式的组合优于单一症状。此外，嗅觉识别分数可能与日常生活能力相关。