Histopathological Insights into Placental Lesions in Normotensive, Hypertensive, and Preeclamptic Pregnancies, data set.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a major cause of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, and placental lesions play an important role in their etiology. This study was conducted at Dow University of Helath Sciences. We studies the placenta microscopically. In this cross-sectional study, we collected 76 placentae from 23 normotensive, 24 gestational hypertensive, and 29 preeclamptic women upon delivery, and categorized placental lesions according to the Amsterdam criteria into maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM), fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM), acute inflammation, and villitis of unknown etiology (VUE). Poisson regression analysis demonstrated a significant difference in the categories of placental lesions and clinical types of pregnancies (p = 0.018, Chi square). The placental lesions of MVM: accelerated villous maturation, distal villous hypoplasia, villous infarction, decidual arteriopathy, and placental weight less than the tenth percentile, were more frequent in preeclampsia (IRR =4.4, 95% CI: 2.5–8.0, p<.001) and gestational hypertension (IRR=2.5, 95% CI:1.3–4.8, p=0.005) compared to the normotensives. The placental lesions of FVM did not reveal any significant association. Acute inflammatory lesions showed a borderline association with preeclampsia (IRR=3.2, 95% CI:1.06–9.5, p=0.039). The maternal and fetal outcomes differed considerably across the types of pregnancies. Adverse maternal outcomes of eclampsia and ICU admissions, and fetal outcomes of low birth weights, NICU admission, and stillbirths, were more frequent in the preeclampsia group (p=0.002, Chi square). We therefore concluded that preeclampsia shwed a significant correlation with the placental lesions of MVM and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.