Table_1_The Positive Personality Model (PPM): Exploring a New Conceptual Framework for Personality Assessment.pdf

The aim of this paper is to explore a new framework for personality assessment that may function as sanity nosology of personality traits: the Positive Personality Model (PPM). The recent publication of DSM-5 created the opportunity to assess personality traits as dimensional constructs (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In Section III, five maladaptive personality traits are proposed as the maladaptive versions of Five Factor Model (FFM) traits (Costa and McCrae, 1985). This approach draws on the existing idea of conceptualizing pathological and typical personality traits as part of a continuum. It places DSM-5′s maladaptive traits in a sickness pole and FFM’s traits in a “typical” pole. This spectrum, however, does not include a positive perspective that represents healthy behavior: a sanity nosology. The Positive Traits Inventory-5 (PTI-5; de la Iglesia and Castro Solano, 2018) is a measure designed to assess the positive reverse of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Adult (PID-5; Krueger et al., 2013). The 220 positive personality criteria were studied psychometrically using a sample of 1902 Argentinean adults from the general population (Mage = 39.10, SD = 13.81, Min = 18, and Max = 83; 50.1% females, 49.9% males). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in a five-factor solution. The dimensions were labeled Sprightliness, Integrity, Serenity, Moderation, and Humanity and subsumed under the denomination of PPM. Analyses of convergent validity provided some grounds for interpreting the five positive traits as positive versions of the pathological traits and the typical traits. When tested for its predictive capability on mental health, the PPM outperformed the variance explained by the FFM. It is concluded that the PPM may constitute a positive pole in the continuum of personality traits –possibly functioning as a sanity nosology– and that it is somewhat more related to optimal functioning than typical trait models. The PPM should be confirmed in other populations, its predictive capability ought to be tested with other relevant variables, and longitudinal studies should be done to analyze the stability of the traits over time.

本研究旨在探索一种新的性格评估框架，该框架可能作为性格特征的理性分类学：即积极性格模型（PPM）。随着DSM-5的最新出版，评估性格特征作为维度结构的机会得以产生（美国精神医学协会，2013年）。在第三部分中，提出了五种不适应性格特征，作为五大人格模型（FFM）特征的不适应版本（Costa和McCrae，1985年）。该方法借鉴了将病态和典型性格特征视为连续体一部分的现有观点。它将DSM-5的不适应特征置于疾病极端，而FFM的特征则置于“典型”极端。然而，这一谱系并未包括代表健康行为的积极视角：即理性分类学。积极特征清单-5（PTI-5；de la Iglesia和Castro Solano，2018年）是一种旨在评估DSM-5成人性格清单（PID-5；Krueger等人，2013年）积极反向特征的测量工具。220项积极性格标准在来自阿根廷普通人群的1902名成年人样本（平均年龄=39.10，标准差=13.81，最小值=18，最大值=83；女性50.1%，男性49.9%）中进行心理测量学研究。探索性和验证性因素分析得出五因素解决方案。这些维度被命名为活泼、正直、平静、适度和人道，并纳入PPM的范畴。收敛效度分析为将五个积极特征解释为病态特征和典型特征的积极版本提供了一些依据。在测试其对心理健康预测能力时，PPM的性能优于FFM所解释的方差。因此得出结论，PPM可能在性格特征的连续体中构成一个积极极端——可能作为理性分类学发挥作用，并且与典型特征模型相比，与最佳功能的相关性略高。PPM应在其他人群中得到验证，其预测能力应与其他相关变量进行测试，并且应进行纵向研究以分析特征随时间的变化稳定性。