From 20 to 2? Landmark-based geometric morphometrics reveal negligible wing-shape divergence between 20 subspecies of the Apollo butterfly, Parnassius apollo (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae), in the Carpatho-Pannonian region

Aims: For effective conservation management of endangered taxa, it is important to define operational units for conservation. In the absence of detailed genetic analyses, morphology-based taxonomy is often used as a surrogate. The Apollo butterfly, Parnassius apollo, is one of the most endangered butterfly species in Europe, considered as a flagship species, with 26 subspecies rank taxa described from the Carpatho-Pannonian region. The subspecific level taxonomy of the species in the region is typically based on old, one-by-one descriptions that are not necessarily comply with today’s taxonomical standards. We aimed to reveal the number of morphologically distinguishable groups among the putative subspecies by applying modern morphometrics.
Location: Carpatho-Pannonian region (Central Europe).
Methods: Landmark-based geometric morphometry analysis on the forewing shape of 949 male and 477 female specimens from 20 Carpatho-Pannonian P. apollo subspecies (both extant and potentially extin..., , , # Data from: From 20 to 2? Landmark-based geometric morphometrics reveal negligible wing-shape divergence between 20 subspecies of the Apollo butterfly, Parnassius apollo (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae), in the Carpatho-Pannonian region

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.x0k6djhrj](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.x0k6djhrj)

Original data (all analyses were run on this).

## Description of the data and file structure

A single file containing several sheets. The titles of the sheets are self-explanatory.

File name: TakátsetalMS_original_data.xlsx  

* The partial warp worksheets contain the partial warp score data belonging to each specimen
* The relative warp worksheets contain the relative warp score data belonging to each specimen
* Aligned specimens worksheets contain the x and y coordinates of each specimen after the Procrustes superposition