Dataset for "Enhanced Rock Weathering in Acid Mine Drainage Systems: Carbon Removal Potential and Co-Benefits"

This dataset is aimed to support for the manuscript, entitled "Enhanced Rock Weathering in Acid Mine Drainage Systems: Carbon Removal Potential and Co-Benefits"Enhanced Rock Weathering (ERW) is increasingly recognized as a promising carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy, yet most studies have focused on cropland applications. Our work introduces a pioneering perspective by extending ERW to acid mine drainage (AMD) channels, which provide inherently favorable conditions for mineral dissolution due to their strong acidity and continuous flow-through nature. Using one-dimensional reactive transport modeling, we assessed the basalt dissolution efficiency, carbon removal potential, and integrated co-benefits under a range of AMD scenarios (pH 2–4; flow rates 0.005–0.5 m³ s^-1, particle sizes 10–1,000 mm).The results demonstrate that a single AMD channel could dissolve up to 10,500 tons of basalt annually, equating to approximately 3,360 tCO₂ sequestered per year. Beyond CDR, the simulations indicate that AMD ERW can raise system pH above 3.1, facilitating the passive removal of arsenic via schwertmannite precipitation, an important co-benefit for water quality improvement. Together, these findings highlight AMD ERW as a novel, dual-benefit approach that combines carbon removal with passive mine water treatment.This study contributes to the broader field of negative emission technologies by:Proposing AMD channels as an underexplored, scalable deployment environment for ERW.Demonstrating high CDR efficiency under acidic, high-flow conditions with reduced reliance on finely ground particles.Identifying co-benefits of water treatment, which may enhance the practical applicability and social acceptance of ERW.We believe that findings in this study offers actionable insights toward developing monitoring, reporting, and validation (MRV) frameworks for ERW in river-based systems.