Effects of long-term sulfamethoxazole and forfeiture exposure on the growth, health and intestinal microflora of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

The abuse of sulfa antibiotics will remain in water and threaten aquatic organisms and will spread along the food chain and eventually affect animals and humans. The study explored the growth performance, antioxidant, immune and intestinal flora changes of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei under chronic stress of sulfamethoxazole and flufenicol.