Dataset#2 Archaeozoological evidence of working exploitation of cattle in the Bronze Age of the Southern Trans-Urals

The dataset#2 (supplementary data) contains tables, results of X-ray, images of cattle pathologies from seven Bronze Age settlements in the Southern Trans-Urals .

The article presents the results of the analysis of several types of bone pathologies of the postcranial skeleton of cows, bulls and oxen in order to identify the possible fact of working cattle exploitation. The material comes from several settlements of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the Southern Trans-Urals of the Sintashta and Alakul cultures of the Bronze Age. The work is based on the results of studying the pathologies of modern non-working cattle in the Southern Trans-Urals. The analysis of the selected pathologies and their comparison with modern material showed that most pathologies reflect age-related changes and other factors that are not associated with the physical exploitation of bulls and oxen. Single pathologies from the Kamennyi Ambar settlement and the age of the animals from which they originate make it possible to reconstruct the working use of bulls even in the context of the complete absence of other evidence of this kind of animal exploitation. However, we cannot completely exclude the possibility that these changes may be caused not only by increased stress on the joint in the form of working exploitation. Severe pathologies on the bones of cows are not the result of working use.

数据集#2（补充数据）包含表格、X射线检测结果以及来自乌拉尔南部七个青铜时代聚落中的牲畜病理图像。文章阐述了分析牛、公牛和阉牛后颅骨多种骨骼病理的结果，旨在识别牲畜劳动利用的可能事实。该材料来源于乌拉尔南部草原和森林草原地带的辛塔什塔和阿拉库尔文化数个聚落。研究基于对乌拉尔南部现代非劳动牲畜病理的研究成果。所选病理的分析及其与现代材料的比较表明，大多数病理反映的是与牛、公牛和阉牛的物理劳动利用无关的年龄相关变化及其他因素。来自卡缅尼阿姆巴尔聚落的单一病理及其来源动物的年龄，即使在缺乏此类动物劳动利用其他证据的背景下，也有助于重构牛的劳动使用。然而，我们无法完全排除这些变化可能仅由劳动利用造成的关节压力增加所引起的可能性。母牛骨骼上的严重病理并非劳动使用的结果。