Xenobiotic receptors screening assay.

TCC was tested for the ability to activate PXR, CAR, LXRα, FXR, VDR, PPARα, PPARβ, PPARγ, ERα, and ERβ by binding to the corresponding response element. CV1 cells were transfected with an expression plasmid to supply a human nuclear receptor, a luciferase reporter plasmid containing the appropriate DNA response element, and a β-galactosidase expression vector to control for transfection efficiency. The positive ligand for each receptor is described in Material and Method. Luciferase activity was represented as fold induction relative to DMSO-treated cells. The results are expressed as the mean ± S.D.**p***p