Areas for Improving the Competitiveness and Cooperation of Chinese and Russian Companies within the One Belt and Road Initiative333

This thesis is an in-depth study of the optimization of the competitiveness of Chinese and Russian enterprises and the mode of cooperation in the context of the “Belt and Road” initiative. China-Russia economic and trade cooperation has a long history and has experienced complex fluctuations and continuous growth since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The thesis firstly reviews and analyzes in detail the development of China-Russia trade relations from 1992 to 2012, revealing that the period of trade fluctuation (1992-1999) was seriously affected by Russia's economic transformation and external economic shocks, and although the Chinese and Russian governments actively took policy measures to stabilize the trade, the overall scale of the trade was still limited. 2000 to 2012, China-Russia economic and trade relations entered into a period of rapid growth, trade volume rose sharply, and the two countries' competitiveness improved. Between 2000 and 2012, China-Russia economic and trade relations entered a period of rapid growth, with trade volume rising sharply, and frequent high-level interactions and the signing of strategic agreements between the two countries effectively promoted the stable development of trade relations.The paper further adopts quantitative indicators such as the Export Similarity Index (ESI) and the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA) to analyze the dynamic evolution of the competitiveness and complementarity of the two countries' exports. The study finds that the export product structure of China and Russia has a low degree of overlap, and the degree of export competition is relatively limited, while the trade complementarity is extremely obvious, especially in energy resources, agricultural products, basic industrial products and manufacturing products, there is a high degree of complementary cooperation potential. This provides a solid theoretical basis for the two sides to develop deep and multi-disciplinary cooperation.In summary, this thesis systematically analyzes the historical development, practical problems and optimization direction of China-Russia economic and trade cooperation under the background of “Belt and Road”, and provides empirical evidence based on quantitative analysis and a clear and feasible policy path. The conclusions of the study aim to provide theoretical support and practical reference for enterprises of the two countries to further deepen cooperation and realize long-term sustainable development.