Mixed tree nuts, cognition and gut microbiota: a 4-week, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover trial in healthy non-elderly adults

Beneficial effects of nut supplementation on cognitive function have previously been demonstrated in young and older adults. Alterations to gut microbiota have also been shown following tree nut consumption. However, no data exists on the effects of nuts on cognition and intestinal microbial communities assessed within the same study.The study aimed to examine the effects of daily consumption of tree nuts for four weeks on cognitive function (primary outcome), mood, metabolomics, and gut microbial species (secondary outcomes) in healthy, non-elderly adults.