Characterization of macrophytes for Na⁺ removal in synthetic Na-salt solution batch under greenhouse conditions

Sodium salt contamination in the fresh water due to industrial effluents, underground rock salts and inland aquaculture is a major concern needs to be remediated, and subsequently recycled as sustainable bioeconomic strategy. Treatment of saline wastewater requires efficient, cost-effective, rapid, and green technologies, so as to mitigate the negative impacts of salinity on agricultural land. Green technology of phytodesalination is proposed to reduce salinity in the wastewater using salt tolerant plant species. present study was designed with an aim to investigate the sodium (Na⁺) removal capacity of salt tolerant and high biomass producing macrophytes on synthetic saline wastewater. <i>Sesuvium portulacastrum</i> (sea purslane), <i>Pluchea indica</i> (Indian camphorweed), <i>Typha angustifolia</i> (narrow leaf cattail) and <i>Heliconia</i> <i>psittacorum</i> (heliconia) were collected, cultivated in the greenhouse, subsequently treated with 0 (control) and 217 mM NaCl (salt stress) for 4 weeks. Overall growth performance, physiological change and Na⁺ removal rate in root and leaf tissues of the candidate plant species were measured. Plants were able to maintain their growth and physiological abilities except for shoot height in <i>T. angustifolia</i> (reduced by 13.7%) and chlorophyll content in <i>S. portulacastrum</i> (reduced by 64%). Major accumulation of Na⁺ was recorded in the shoots of <i>S. portulacastrum</i> and <i>P. indica</i> (halophytic plant species) and the roots of <i>T. angustifolia</i> and <i>H. psittacorum</i> (glycophytic plant species). Since <i>T. angustifolia</i> and <i>H. psittacorum</i> have high plant biomass, they showed higher Na⁺ removal efficiency at 4.4% and 5.7%, respectively; whereas due to lower plant biomass, <i>S. portulacastrum</i> and <i>P. indica</i> resulted in the removal of only 0.6 and 0.8% Na⁺ from the batch, respectively. Based on the information from this investigation, the selected candidate plant species can further be studied in the constructed wetland together with the controlled environments including optimized flowrate, vertical or horizontal flow system, plant densities and Na-removal rate in relation to swamp habitat. <b>Novelty statement:</b><i>T. angustifolia</i> and <i>H. psittacorum</i> have high plant biomass, they showed higher Na⁺ removal efficiency at 4.4% and 5.7%, respectively; whereas due to lower plant biomass, <i>S. portulacastrum</i> and <i>P. indica</i> resulted in removal of only 0.6 and 0.8% Na⁺ from the batch. Based on the information from this investigation, the selected candidate plant species can further be studied in the constructed wetland together with the controlled environments including optimized flowrate, vertical or horizontal flow system, plant densities and Na-removal rate in relation to swamp habitat.

工业废水、地下岩盐及内陆水产养殖引发的淡水钠盐污染，是一类亟待修复并可作为可持续生物经济策略进行资源化利用的重大环境问题。含盐废水的处理亟需高效、经济、快速且绿色的技术手段，以缓解盐度对农用地的负面影响。本研究拟采用植物脱盐技术（phytodesalination），利用耐盐植物降低废水中的盐度。本研究旨在探究耐盐高生物量大型水生植物（macrophytes）对人工合成含盐废水的钠离子（Na⁺）去除能力。本研究采集了海马齿（*Sesuvium portulacastrum*，sea purslane）、阔苞菊（*Pluchea indica*，Indian camphorweed）、狭叶香蒲（*Typha angustifolia*，narrow leaf cattail）以及蝎尾蕉（*Heliconia psittacorum*，heliconia），于温室中栽培后，分别以0（对照组）和217 mM氯化钠（NaCl）进行盐胁迫处理，培养周期为4周。本研究测定了供试植物的整体生长性能、生理指标变化以及根、叶组织中的Na⁺去除率。除狭叶香蒲的株高降低13.7%、海马齿的叶绿素含量降低64%外，其余供试植物均可维持正常生长与生理功能。Na⁺主要积累于盐生植物（halophytic plant species）海马齿和阔苞菊的地上部分，以及甜土植物（glycophytic plant species）狭叶香蒲和蝎尾蕉的根部。狭叶香蒲与蝎尾蕉生物量较高，其Na⁺去除效率分别达4.4%与5.7%；而海马齿与阔苞菊生物量较低，仅分别从批次培养体系中去除0.6%和0.8%的Na⁺。基于本研究结果，可在人工湿地（constructed wetland）中进一步开展供试植物的相关研究，并结合优化流速、竖向或横向流系统、植物密度以及与沼泽生境相关的Na⁺去除率等可控环境条件。创新点声明：狭叶香蒲和蝎尾蕉生物量较高，其Na⁺去除效率分别达4.4%和5.7%；而海马齿和阔苞菊因生物量较低，仅从批次培养体系中去除0.6%和0.8%的Na⁺。基于本研究结果，可在人工湿地（constructed wetland）中结合优化流速、竖向或横向流系统、植物密度以及与沼泽生境相关的Na⁺去除率等可控环境条件，进一步开展供试植物的相关研究。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集研究了四种大型植物（Sesuvium portulacastrum、Pluchea indica、Typha angustifolia 和 Heliconia psittacorum）在温室条件下从合成钠盐溶液中去除钠离子的能力。实验发现，Typha angustifolia 和 Heliconia psittacorum 由于生物量较高，钠离子去除效率更高（分别为4.4%和5.7%），而其他两种植物去除效率较低。数据集支持利用植物修复技术处理含盐废水，为构建湿地系统提供基础数据。