This paper introduces a new financial vulnerability index for emerging market economies by exploiting key differences in their business cycles relative to those of advanced economies. Information on t
Increasing geopolitical tensions and conflicts can cause disruptions for business operations. So, how do firms perceive geopolitical risk? The risk can differ between firms, but measurements focus pri
Cyber incidents are escalating in magnitude, sophistication and geopolitical relevance, exposing critical weaknesses in the global financial system. This paper highlights three mutually reinforcing vu
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