中国1:25万三级流域分区内水系分布数据集（2012年）

本数据集在国家基础地理信息中心全国1:25万地形数据库基础上，提取水系数据，根据《中国河流名称代码》（SL 249-2012）进行梳理，可对全国4级流域（水系）以上主干河流及其支流进行编码，参考《中国河湖大典》补全7级以上河流，并对照遥感卫星影像确定河流走向。
数据集按照一级流域分别存放，包括8个文件夹，每个文件夹包含1个shp矢量文件，为线层矢量数据。该数据的特点为：每条河流在空间上都是完整的要素，每条河流源头进行了核定，河流流向明确；结合子流域特征，按照河流长度大小，对其主干支流进行了划分，河网层次明确。

This dataset is constructed by extracting hydrological data from the National 1:250,000 Topographic Database of the National Geomatics Center of China, and standardized per the *Code for Chinese River Names* (SL 249-2012). It supports coding for main streams and their tributaries at or above the 4-order watershed (hydrological system) across China. Rivers at or above the 7-order level are supplemented with reference to *Chinese Rivers and Lakes Encyclopedia*, and their flow directions are confirmed via comparison with remote sensing satellite imagery.

The dataset is stored separately by first-order watersheds, with a total of 8 folders. Each folder contains one shp vector file, which is line-layer vector data.

The notable features of this dataset are as follows: Each river is a spatially complete feature; the source locations of all rivers have been verified, with clear flow directions; combined with sub-watershed characteristics, main streams and their tributaries are classified based on river lengths, resulting in a clearly defined hierarchical structure of the river network.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是基于1:25万地形数据提取的中国水系分布矢量数据，覆盖全国三级流域分区，时间点为2012年。它通过整合《中国河流名称代码》和《中国河湖大典》等权威资料，对4级以上主干河流及其支流进行编码和梳理，并补充7级以上河流，确保每条河流空间完整、源头核定且流向明确。数据特点包括按河流长度划分主干支流，河网层次清晰，质量符合国家测绘标准，适用于自然地理和水资源研究。