Evolutionary history and taxon recognition in the L. maculatum complex in Japan

To clarify the evolutionary history of the Lilium maculatum complex in Japan and to improve the circumscription of its component taxa, we conducted phylogenetic analyses based on chloroplast and nuclear internal and external transcribed spacer (ITS and ETS) DNA sequences, a genome-wide analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using multiplexed ISSR genotyping by sequencing (MIG-seq), and morphological observations.