Total cumulative emergence (% ± SE) after two consecutive years for 30 rare arable plants from seeds buried in no-till and tilled treatments, the tillage treatment; trial repeated in two consecutive seasons (S1, 2012–14; S2, 2013–15), the season treatment.

Annual soil disturbance was performed in early autumn in tilled plots. The 2nd through 4th columns represent significance for main effects and interactions with emergence analysed by ANOVA. Values followed by the letter a were significantly higher after analysing each season separately for tillage treatment due to significant interactions.