Data from: The predictive adaptive response: modeling the life history evolution of the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana, in seasonal environments.

A predictive adaptive response (PAR) is a type of developmental plasticity
where the response to an environmental cue is not immediately advantageous
but instead is later in life. The PAR is a way for organisms to maximize
fitness in varying environments. Insects living in seasonal environments
are valuable model systems for testing the existence and form of PAR.
Previous manipulations of the larval and the adult environments of the
butterfly Bicyclus anynana have shown that individuals that were food
restricted during the larval stage coped better with forced flight during
the adult stage compared to those with optimal conditions in the larval
stage. Here, we describe a state-dependent energy allocation model, which
we use to test whether such a response to food restriction could be
adaptive in nature where this butterfly exhibits seasonal cycles. The
results from the model confirm the responses obtained in our previous
experimental work and show how such an outcome was facilitated by resource
allocation patterns to the thorax during the pupal stage. We conclude that
for B. anynana, early-stage cues can direct development toward a better
adapted phenotype later in life and, therefore, that a PAR has evolved in
this species.