aVisual rating for proportion of tip 25 cm from leaf subtending ear, on a scale of 1 = no feeding damage to 10 = complete defoliation. bVisual rating of number of nodes showing pruning from corn rootw
Bioassay of field strains of S. frugiperda and one laboratory susceptible strain of H. armigera tested as late second/early third instars on insecticide-incorporated artificial diet containing indoxac
Values represent mean larval weight ± SE (mg).Means followed by the same superscript within columns are not significantly different (P†data was not included in the statistical analysis at 7 days since