Genome-wide characterization and expression pattern analysis of <i>Xanthoceras sorbifolium FAD</i> at different growth stages
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<i>Xanthoceras sorbifolium</i> is a crucial oil tree species in northern China. Additionally, fatty acid constituents in its fruits possess remarkable medicinal value. Hence, probing the regulatory role of <i>FAD</i> family members in fatty acid components accumulation in <i>X. sorbifolium</i> fruits is crucial. Drawing on <i>X. sorbifolium</i> genome data, 22 <i>XsFAD</i> members distributed across 10 chromosomes were identified. The physicochemical properties and subcellular localization predictions thereof were analyzed. Phylogenetic and conserved domain analyses demonstrated that same subfamily members are highly conserved in both gene structure and conserved domains. Cis-acting element analysis indicated that <i>XsFAD</i> members are highly susceptible to light. Furthermore, transcriptome data and qRT-PCR findings corroborated that <i>XsFAD</i> members play an active regulatory role in <i>X. sorbifolium</i> fruit ripening and fatty acid metabolism. The bioinformatic analysis and preliminary verification of regulatory functions of <i>XsFAD</i> members establish conditions for in-depth research on the functions of key <i>XsFAD</i> in the future. The study findings will be conducive to determine the accumulation of fatty acids substances in <i>X. sorbifolium</i> and screening of germplasm resources with superior traits.
文冠果（Xanthoceras sorbifolium）是中国北方重要的油料树种，其果实中的脂肪酸成分具有显著的药用价值。因此，探究脂肪酸去饱和酶（Fatty Acid Desaturase，简称FAD）基因家族成员在文冠果果实脂肪酸组分积累过程中的调控作用至关重要。本研究基于文冠果基因组数据，共鉴定出分布于10条染色体上的22个XsFAD家族成员，并对其理化性质及亚细胞定位预测结果开展了分析。系统发育与保守结构域分析显示，同一亚家族的成员在基因结构与保守结构域上均呈现高度保守性。顺式作用元件分析表明，XsFAD家族成员对光照具有极高的响应敏感性。此外，转录组数据与实时荧光定量PCR（quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction，简称qRT-PCR）验证结果证实，XsFAD家族成员在文冠果果实成熟及脂肪酸代谢过程中发挥正向调控作用。本研究对XsFAD家族成员的生物信息学分析及调控功能初步验证，为后续深入研究关键XsFAD基因的功能奠定了基础。本研究结果将有助于阐明文冠果中脂肪酸物质的积累机制，并为筛选优良性状的种质资源提供理论依据。
