No-tillage and adding Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can improve soil microbial multifunctionality and yield

Soil samples were collected from both no-tillage and conventional tillage wheat fields during critical growth stages: the jointing stage, the flowering stage, and the maturity stage. Sampling was conducted using a five-point sampling method, with three samples taken from each point and then mixed. Sampling depths were 0-15cm and 15-30cm, resulting in a total of 36 field samples. Additionally, rhizosphere soil samples were collected at the maturity stage. Total 42 field samples were divided into conventional tillage group and no-tillage group