Data and code for: Household-Level Responses to the European Energy Crisis

Cost-of-living shocks can have large and unequal effects, but causal evidence on households' adaptive responses is scarce. Using Finnish administrative microdata from the 2022 energy crisis, we exploit variation in electricity contract expirations to identify behavioral responses in electricity use, labor earnings, financial distress, and residual consumption and savings. We find notable heterogeneity in responses that shape the final incidence: high-income households primarily reduced electricity consumption, while low-income households reduced consumption less, responding instead through increased labor supply, more payment defaults, and cutbacks in spending and savings. Longer anticipation softens but does not eliminate these impacts.