The market for meat and meat products

The year 2021 shows a division between the development of the different global meat markets. Fueled by the Chinese market there was a strong demand for beef in particular coupled with a limited supply which results in strongly increased prices for beef and beef products. The same occurred on the meat markets of mutton and goat. On the contrary, there was a steady demand for pork but also a big increase in pork production, again driven by the expansion in China. As Chinese importers began to shorten their orders, prices of pork went down in the second half of 2021. Regarding the poultry markets there is a more balanced development of supply and demand. The EU-27 pork and poultry meat production increased a bit in 2021 compared to 2020 while beef production shrunk slightly. There are strong differences between the member states. In particular Spain, Poland, Ireland and the Netherlands realized a remarkable expansion of meat production. In sum, EU consumption is stagnating. The German pork market faces extraordinary challenges. Weak demand for pork in the last few years is coupled with continuous discussion about pig farming and working conditions in slaughterhouses and the meat industry. The Corona pandemic and adding to that the outbreak of African Swine Fever in September 2020 led to serious marketing problems and a downward trend for pig and pork prices. Contrary to that, cattle and beef markets achieve – as on the international markets- huge price increases. The domestic production did not respond with production expansion for now because the milk market causes the rather continuous decline of beef production and changes in production have a long time delay. The German poultry market is expansive both in production and consumption. The actual situation and short-term development of the market of meat alternatives shows a still relatively young and less established market with marginal market shares in the different product markets.

2021年，全球各肉类市场的发展呈现分化格局。受中国市场拉动，牛肉需求尤为强劲，叠加供应有限，致使牛肉及牛肉制品价格大幅上涨；羊肉与山羊肉市场亦出现了相同态势。与之相反，猪肉需求保持稳步增长，而中国的产能扩张同样推动了猪肉产量大幅提升，但随着中国进口商开始缩减订单，2021年下半年猪肉价格出现回落。禽肉市场的供需则更为均衡。2021年，欧盟27国（EU-27）的猪肉与禽肉产量较2020年小幅增长，而牛肉产量略有收缩；各成员国之间存在显著差异，其中西班牙、波兰、爱尔兰与荷兰的肉类产能实现了显著扩张。总体而言，欧盟肉类消费处于停滞状态。德国猪肉市场面临严峻挑战：近年猪肉需求疲软，叠加业界对养猪业、屠宰场工作环境及肉类行业的持续争议。新冠大流行（Corona Pandemic）叠加2020年9月暴发的非洲猪瘟（African Swine Fever），导致德国猪肉市场遭遇严重的营销困境，生猪及猪肉价格呈下行趋势。与之形成鲜明对比的是，德国肉牛与牛肉市场如同国际市场一般，实现了大幅涨价。德国国内牛肉产量目前并未出现扩张，因乳制品市场持续拖累牛肉产能，且产能调整存在较长时滞。德国禽肉市场在产能与消费两方面均呈扩张态势。肉类替代品市场的当前现状与短期发展态势显示，该市场仍相对年轻且成熟度不足，在各细分产品市场中的份额仍处于边际水平。