Enterprise Survey 2006 - Eswatini

Abstract
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The survey was conducted in Kingdom of Eswatini between June and July 2006. Data from 307 establishments were analyzed.

The Enterprise Surveys are applied to a representative sample of firms in the non-agricultural economy. The sample is consistently defined in all countries and includes the entire manufacturing sector, the services sector, and the transportation and construction sectors. Public utilities, government services, health care, and financial services sectors are not included in the sample. Enterprise Surveys collect a wide array of qualitative and quantitative information through face-to-face interviews with firm managers and owners regarding the business environment in their countries and the productivity of their firms. The topics covered in Enterprise Surveys include the obstacles to doing business, infrastructure, finance, labor, corruption and regulation, law and order, innovation and technology, trade, and firm productivity.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe
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The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities sectors.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sample for countries participating in the Enterprise Surveys is stratified by industry, firm size, and geographic region.

For stratification by industry, the main manufacturing sectors in each country in terms of value added, number of firms, and contribution to employment are selected. The retail trade sector is also included in all countries as a representative of the services sector, and depending on the size of the economy, the information technology (IT) sector is included. The rest of the universe is included in a residual stratum. In Swaziland, Manufacturing sector included 70 firms, Retail sector - 123 companies and Other sectors (Residual) - 114 businesses.

Size stratification is defined the following way: small establishments (5 to 19 employees), medium establishments (20 to 99 employees), and large establishments (more than 99 employees).

Regional stratification includes the main economic regions in each country. In Swaziland, Manzini, Matsapha and Mbabane were surveyed.

Through this methodology, estimates for the different stratification levels can be calculated on a separate basis while at the same time inferences can be made for the economy as a whole, weighting individual observations by corresponding sample weights. Sample sizes for each stratification level are defined ensuring a minimum precision level of 7.5% with 95% confidence intervals for estimates with population proportions.

For more technical details on the sampling strategy, please review "Sampling Methodology" in "Technical Documents" folder.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The current survey instruments are available:
- Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module;
- Core Questionnaire + Retail Module;
- Core Questionnaire.

Most of the questions in all three questionnaires are the same.

The "Core Questionnaire" is the heart of the Enterprise Survey and contains the survey questions asked of all firms across the world. There are also two other survey instruments - the "Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module" and the "Core Questionnaire + Retail Module." The survey is fielded via three instruments in order to not ask questions that are irrelevant to specific types of firms, e.g. a question that relates to production and nonproduction workers should not be asked of a retail firm. In addition to questions that are asked across countries, all surveys are customized and contain country-specific questions. An example of customization would be including tourism-related questions that are asked in certain countries when tourism is an existing or potential sector of economic growth.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, informality, business-government relations, conflict resolution and legal environment, innovation and technology, and performance measures. The questionnaires also assess respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Cleaning operations
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Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

摘要
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本调查于2006年6月至7月在斯威士兰王国进行。分析了307个机构的数据。
企业调查应用于非农业经济中企业的代表性样本。样本在所有国家均保持一致，包括整个制造业、服务业以及交通运输和建筑行业。公共事业、政府服务、医疗保健和金融服务行业不包括在样本中。企业调查通过面对面访谈，收集了企业经理和业主关于其国家商业环境和企业生产力的广泛定性及定量信息。企业调查涵盖的主题包括商业经营障碍、基础设施、金融、劳动力、腐败与监管、法律与秩序、创新与技术、贸易以及企业生产力。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
分析单元
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本研究的初级抽样单元是机构。机构是指开展业务、进行工业操作或提供服务的地方。一个企业可能由一个或多个机构组成。例如，一家啤酒厂可能有多个灌装厂和多个分销机构。在本调查中，机构必须能够做出自己的财务决策，并拥有与公司财务报表分开的独立财务报表。机构还必须拥有自己的管理和对其工资单的控制。
总体
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企业调查覆盖的整体总体或称为总体是非农业经济。它包括：根据ISIC修订版3.1分组分类的所有制造业部门（D组）、建筑业部门（F组）、服务业部门（G组和H组）以及运输、仓储和通信部门（I组）。请注意，此总体定义不包括以下行业：金融中介（J组）、房地产和租赁活动（K组，除子部门72，IT，该子部门已添加到研究总体中），以及所有公共或公用事业部门。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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参与企业调查的国家的样本按行业、企业规模和地理区域进行分层。
按行业分层时，根据增加值、企业数量和对就业的贡献，在每个国家选择了主要的制造业部门。零售贸易部门也包含在所有国家中，作为服务业的代表性部门，并且根据经济规模的大小，信息技术（IT）部门也包含在内。其余的总体包含在一个剩余层中。在斯威士兰，制造业部门包括70家企业，零售部门包括123家公司，其他部门（剩余）包括114家企业。
规模分层定义如下：小型机构（5至19名员工）、中型机构（20至99名员工）和大型机构（超过99名员工）。
区域分层包括每个国家的主要经济区域。在斯威士兰，曼齐尼、马塔法和姆巴巴内进行了调查。
通过这种方法，可以对不同分层级别的估计进行单独计算，同时还可以对整个经济进行推断，通过相应的样本权重对个别观测值进行加权。每个分层级别的样本大小定义确保估计的总体比例的置信区间为95%，且最小精度水平为7.5%。
有关抽样策略的更多技术细节，请参阅“技术文件”文件夹中的“抽样方法学”。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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当前的调查工具包括以下内容：
- 核心问卷 + 制造业模块；
- 核心问卷 + 零售模块；
- 核心问卷。
所有三个问卷中的大多数问题都是相同的。
“核心问卷”是企业调查的核心，包含针对全球所有企业提出的问题。还有两个其他调查工具——“核心问卷 + 制造业模块”和“核心问卷 + 零售模块”。调查通过三种工具进行，以避免向特定类型的企业提出不相关的问题，例如，与生产和非生产工人相关的问题不应向零售企业提出。除了跨国提出的问题外，所有调查都是定制的，并包含针对特定国家的问卷。定制的例子包括在某些国家询问与旅游相关的疑问，因为旅游业是现有或潜在的经济增长部门。
标准的企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资可及性、年度销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、非正式性、商业-政府关系、冲突解决和法律环境、创新与技术以及绩效衡量。问卷还评估受访者对阻碍企业增长和绩效的因素的看法。
数据清理操作
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数据录入和质量控制由承包商执行，并将数据分批（通常是10%、50%和100%）交付世界银行。这些数据交付将被检查逻辑一致性、超出范围值、跳转模式和重复条目。问题由世界银行标记，并通过数据检查、回访和重新访问机构由实施承包商进行纠正。