催化剂的性能测试和表征数据

Performance tests were carried out using a laboratory-made quartz tubular fixed-bed reactor.X-ray diffraction (XRD) was carried out using a Rigaku Ultima IV X-ray diffraction analyser from Japan. The X-ray source was Cu Kα-rays (wavelength 0.154056 nm), the tube voltage was 40 kV, the tube current was 40 mA, and the scanning range was 10-90° with a scanning speed of 5 °/min.N2 physisorption was measured using N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms at -196 °C on a Micromeritics ASAP 2460 analyser. The samples were degassed in a mixed N2/He gas stream at 300 °C for 4 h before the experiment.X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed on a Thermo Scientific K-Alpha electron spectrometer with an Al Kα (hν=1486.6 eV) source operating at 12 kV and a reference pressure of 3 × 10-7 mbar. All binding energies were calibrated using a standard C1s peak (284.8 eV) as an internal standard. Calibration.Raman spectroscopy (Raman) analysis was performed using a Horiba LabRAM HR Evolution spectrometer from Japan for Raman characterisation. The test laser wavelength was 532 nm and the scanning range was 200-1200 cm-1.The H2-TPR was performed on a Microtrac BELCat II programmed-temperature chemisorption analyser (Japan). The sample was weighed and placed in a reaction tube, then programmed from room temperature to 200 ℃ at a temperature of 10 ℃/min for drying and pretreatment, and purged by a He gas stream (30-50 mL/min) for 1 h. The sample was cooled to 50 ℃, and then introduced into a 10% H2/Ar mixture (30-50 mL/min) for 1 h to saturation, and the sample was desorbed in the 10% H2/Ar gas stream at an elevated rate of 10 ℃/min to 700 ℃. /The sample was desorbed in 10% H2/Ar airflow at a temperature increase rate of 10 ℃/min to 700 ℃, and the reducing gas was detected by TCD.CO-TPD was analysed using a Microtrac BELCat II programmable temperature-raising chemisorption analyser. A certain amount of sample was weighed and placed in a reaction tube, and the sample was programmed to be heated up from room temperature to 200 ℃ at 10 ℃/min for drying and pre-treatment, and then purged by He gas flow (30-50 mL/min) for 1h, then cooled down to 50 ℃, and then the sample was fed into the mixture of CO/He (30-50 mL/min) for 1h to saturation, and then switched to He gas flow (30-50 mL/min) for 1h to remove the weakly physisorbed CO. The sample was cooled to 50 ℃, fed with CO/He mixture (30-50 mL/min) for 1h to saturation, switched to He gas flow (30-50 mL/min) for 1h to remove the weakly adsorbed CO on the surface, and then finally desorbed at 700 ℃ under He atmosphere at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and the desorbed gases were detected by TCD.