Data for: Provenance Reorganization and Basin Transformation: Evidence for Sustained Early Mesozoic Subduction in the Southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt

OverviewThis dataset contains the analytical data supporting the manuscript "Provenance Reorganization and Basin Transformation: Evidence for Sustained Early Mesozoic Subduction in the Southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt," submitted to Tectonics. The data constrain the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Liuyuan area within the Beishan Orogenic Belt and provide evidence for a fundamental shift from a back-arc basin to an active forearc basin during the Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic. Dataset ContentsThis repository includes three primary data tables: Table S1: Heavy mineral composition of the analyzed sandstone samples. Table S2: Detrital zircon U-Pb dating results. (Note: Data entries marked with a strikethrough indicate analyses with concordance values outside the 90-110% range; these were excluded from the plots and interpretations in the main text.) Table S3: Whole-rock geochemistry data, including major, trace, and rare earth elements (REE) for the analyzed sedimentary rock samples. Abstract of the Associated ManuscriptThe Beishan Orogenic Belt provides a critical archive of arc–basin evolution within the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO). This study integrates the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Liuyuan area through integrated stratigraphic, geochemical, and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronological analyses. Our results document a marked shift in depositional environments: from Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous shallow-marine to fluvial facies, to Middle Permian delta-front deposits, culminating in Late Triassic volcaniclastic successions. Detrital zircon geochronology constrains maximum depositional ages (MDA) to 362 ± 4 Ma and 263 ± 3 Ma for the lower and middle units, respectively. Triassic MDA (221 ± 6 Ma) within the uppermost tuffaceous sandstones indicate prolonged sedimentation, extending significantly beyond previous estimates. Provenance analysis reveals a major source reorganization at 263 ± 3 Ma, evidenced by a paleocurrent reversal and a shift in heavy mineral assemblages. Whole-rock geochemistry further records a transition from mature, recycled orogenic detritus in the Carboniferous to immature, juvenile arc-derived material in the Permian-Triassic, signaling the proximal advance of an active magmatic arc. We interpret that the Liuyuan area evolved from a back-arc basin to an active forearc basin. These findings demonstrate that active subduction-accretion processes persisted along the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt into the Early Mesozoic.