T Regulatory Cells: A Double-Edged Sword in HCC Diagnosis and Prognosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands among the deadliest cancers worldwide, and part of its resilience lies in its ability to manipulate the immune system. Within the tumour microenvironment (TME), regulatory T cells (Tregs) characterized by the markers CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ play a paradoxical role. While they are vital for maintaining immune balance under normal conditions, in the context of HCC, they suppress anti-tumour responses, helping the cancer evade immune detection. Tregs show significant potential as both diagnostic and prognostic markers. However, targeting them for therapy remains a complex endeavour. In this piece, I explore how a deeper understanding of Tregs could reshape the clinical management of HCC, while acknowledging the challenges posed by their dual roles