Quasipaa spinosa's genome assembly and annotation files

Quasipaa spinosa, an Asian commercial Dicroglossidae species, is noted for
the spiny chest of adult male individuals. Here, we report the first
chromosomal level Q. spinosa genome employing PacBio long read sequencing
and High-through Chromosome Conformation Capture (Hi‐C) technology. The
total length of the final assembled genome was 2,839,292,578 bp, with
contig N50 of 3.79 Mb and scaffold N50 of 327.44 Mb. Approximately 99.30%
of the length of the assembled genome sequences were anchored to 13
chromosomes with the assistance of Hi-C reads. A total of 26,173
protein‐coding genes were predicted, and 95.98% of the genes were
functionally annotated. The annotated genes covered a total of 92.10% of
the complete vertebrate core gene set according to the BUSCO pipeline
evaluation. Approximately 41 million years ago, Q. spinosa began to
diverge from its dicroglossid sister taxon Nanorana parkeri. The Q.
spinosa genome revealed obvious chromosomal fissions compared with Xenopus
tropicalis, which likely represented a specific chromosome evolutionary
history within frogs. Population analysis showed that Chinese Q. spinosa
could be divided into eastern and western genetic clusters, with the
western population showing higher diversity than the eastern population.
The effective population size of Q. spinosa showed a continuously
decreasing trend from one million years ago to 10,000 years ago. In
summary, this study sheds light on Q. spinosa evolution and population
differentiation, providing a valuable genomic resource for further
biological and genetic studies on this species, and other closely related
frog taxa.