青藏高原东北缘工程廊道沿线滑坡综合调查（2022）_v1.0

青藏高原东北缘的工程走廊（EC）包括在永久冻土、季节性冻土和黄土上建造的公路、铁路和管道路段。气候变化、地震和人类干扰正在加速永久冻土的退化，导致黄土破坏，并发展斜坡不稳定，导致大量冻融滑坡（FTL）、黄土滑坡（LLs）和一般滑坡（GLs）。这些事件往往导致道路裂缝和基础设施损坏。然而，尽管在EC沿线发生了许多滑坡，但很少进行系统的调查。为了编制一份全面的滑坡清单，本研究利用视觉解释在2021年至2022年间拍摄的高空间分辨率高分6号图像（2米）中识别滑坡，面积为30×104平方公里。然后，进行了实地调查，以评估清单的准确性。我们确定了11914起山体滑坡，包括1095起FTL、7930起LLs和2889起GLs，而10825起山体滑坡发生在EC 20公里范围内。更具体地说，FTL相对罕见，沿活动断层和河流呈带状分布，而LLs和GLs沿河流呈密集集群分布。此外，LLs和GLs的平均面积大于FTL的平均面积。我们观察到，山体滑坡倾向于在朝北的斜坡上发展，LLs和GLs为陡坡，FTL为缓坡。此外，LLs主要发生在低海拔（1500-2300m），GLs发生在中海拔（2000-3000m），而FTL通常发生在高海拔（3000-4000m）。这三种类型的滑坡主要发生在草地、灌木林和农业植被覆盖的地区。我们的调查有助于深入研究NE-QTP的滑坡。它还将提供一个重要而有价值的数据集，用于量化正在经历气候变化、强烈地震和广泛人类活动的EC沿线山体滑坡的分析。

The Engineering Corridors (EC) on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (NE-QTP) encompass highway, railway, and pipeline segments constructed on permafrost, seasonally frozen ground, and loess. Climate change, earthquakes, and human disturbances are accelerating permafrost degradation, triggering loess failure and slope instability, which give rise to numerous freeze-thaw landslides (FTLs), loess landslides (LLs), and general landslides (GLs). These events frequently cause road cracks and infrastructure damage. However, despite the frequent occurrence of landslides along the EC, systematic surveys have been rarely conducted.
To compile a comprehensive landslide inventory, this study identified landslides via visual interpretation using high-spatial-resolution Gaofen-6 (GF-6) satellite imagery (2 m resolution) captured between 2021 and 2022, covering an area of 300,000 square kilometers. Field surveys were then carried out to assess the accuracy of the inventory. We identified 11,914 landslide events, including 1,095 FTLs, 7,930 LLs, and 2,889 GLs, of which 10,825 occurred within 20 km of the EC.
More specifically, FTLs are relatively rare and zonally distributed along active faults and rivers, while LLs and GLs are densely clustered along rivers. Additionally, the average area of LLs and GLs is larger than that of FTLs. We observed that landslides tend to develop on north-facing slopes: LLs and GLs occur on steep slopes, whereas FTLs occur on gentle slopes. Furthermore, LLs mainly occur at low elevations (1500–2300 m), GLs occur at middle elevations (2000–3000 m), and FTLs typically occur at high elevations (3000–4000 m). The three types of landslides primarily occur in areas covered by grasslands, shrublands, and agricultural vegetation.
Our survey provides insights into landslide research on the NE-QTP, and will serve as an important and valuable dataset for quantitative analysis of landslides along the EC, which is experiencing climate change, intense earthquakes, and extensive human activities.