Figure CSE

Fig. 1. Oral administration of Craibiodendron stellatum (Pierre) WW Sm. extract (CSE) alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung hyperplasia, macrophage infiltration, and fibrosis in lung tissues and total cells, and inflammatory cytokine production in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of C57BL/6 mice.Fig. 2. CSE inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine, iNOS, and COX-2 expression in mice with acute lung injury.Fig. 3. CSE suppressed the LPS-induced NO and inflammatory cytokine production and iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 cells. (A) Nitrite production in RAW 264.7 cells were measured via the Griess assay. Fig. 4. Effect of CSE on LPS-induced NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells.Fig. 5. CSE reduced LPS-induced ROS production and regulated antioxidation via the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.Graphical abstract that explain the anstract.