Business Process Reengineering (Normalized)

This dataset provides processed and normalized/standardized indices for the management tool 'Business Process Reengineering' (BPR). Derived from five distinct raw data sources, these indices are specifically designed for comparative longitudinal analysis, enabling the examination of trends and relationships across different empirical domains (web search, literature, academic publishing, and executive adoption). The data presented here represent transformed versions of the original source data, aimed at achieving metric comparability. Users requiring the unprocessed source data should consult the corresponding BPR dataset in the Management Tool Source Data (Raw Extracts) Dataverse. Data Files and Processing Methodologies: Google Trends File (Prefix: GT_): Normalized Relative Search Interest (RSI) Input Data: Native monthly RSI values from Google Trends (Jan 2004 - Jan 2025) for the query "business process reengineering" + "process reengineering" + "reengineering management". Processing: None. The dataset utilizes the original Google Trends index, which is base-100 normalized against the peak search interest for the specified terms and period. Output Metric: Monthly Normalized RSI (Base 100). Frequency: Monthly. Google Books Ngram Viewer File (Prefix: GB_): Normalized Relative Frequency Input Data: Annual relative frequency values from Google Books Ngram Viewer (1950-2022, English corpus, no smoothing) for the query Reengineering + Business Process Reengineering + Process Reengineering. Processing: The annual relative frequency series was normalized by setting the year with the maximum value to 100 and scaling all other values (years) proportionally. Output Metric: Annual Normalized Relative Frequency Index (Base 100). Frequency: Annual. Crossref.org File (Prefix: CR_): Normalized Relative Publication Share Index Input Data: Absolute monthly publication counts matching BPR-related keywords [("business process reengineering" OR ...) AND ("management" OR ...) - see raw data for full query] in titles/abstracts (1950-2025), alongside total monthly publication counts in Crossref. Data deduplicated via DOIs. Processing: For each month, the relative share of BPR-related publications (BPR Count / Total Crossref Count for that month) was calculated. This monthly relative share series was then normalized by setting the month with the maximum relative share to 100 and scaling all other months proportionally. Output Metric: Monthly Normalized Relative Publication Share Index (Base 100). Frequency: Monthly. Bain & Co. Survey - Usability File (Prefix: BU_): Normalized Usability Index Input Data: Original usability percentages (%) from Bain surveys for specific years: Reengineering (1993, 1996, 2000, 2002); Business Process Reengineering (2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2017, 2022). Processing: Semantic Grouping: Data points for "Reengineering" and "Business Process Reengineering" were treated as a single conceptual series for BPR. Normalization: The combined series of original usability percentages was normalized relative to its own highest observed historical value across all included years (Max % = 100). Output Metric: Biennial Estimated Normalized Usability Index (Base 100 relative to historical peak). Frequency: Biennial (Approx.). Bain & Co. Survey - Satisfaction File (Prefix: BS_): Standardized Satisfaction Index Input Data: Original average satisfaction scores (1-5 scale) from Bain surveys for specific years: Reengineering (1993, 1996, 2000, 2002); Business Process Reengineering (2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2017, 2022). Processing: Semantic Grouping: Data points for "Reengineering" and "Business Process Reengineering" were treated as a single conceptual series for BPR. Standardization (Z-scores): Original scores (X) were standardized using Z = (X - ?) / ?, with a theoretically defined neutral mean ?=3.0 and an estimated pooled population standard deviation ??0.891609 (calculated across all tools/years relative to ?=3.0). Index Scale Transformation: Z-scores were transformed to an intuitive index via: Index = 50 + (Z * 22). This scale centers theoretical neutrality (original score: 3.0) at 50 and maps the approximate range [1, 5] to [?1, ?100]. Output Metric: Biennial Standardized Satisfaction Index (Center=50, Range?[1,100]). Frequency: Biennial (Approx.). File Naming Convention: Files generally follow the pattern: PREFIX_Tool_Processed.csv or similar, where the PREFIX indicates the data source (GT_, GB_, CR_, BU_, BS_). Consult the parent Dataverse description (Management Tool Comparative Indices) for general context and the methodological disclaimer. For original extraction details (specific keywords, URLs, etc.), refer to the corresponding BPR dataset in the Raw Extracts Dataverse. Comprehensive project documentation provides full details on all processing steps.