High-Fructose Corn Syrup Promotes Proinflammatory Macrophage Activation via ROS-Mediated NF-?B Signaling and Exacerbates Colitis in Mice

we focused on HFCS and found that HFCS aggravates colitis by altering the intestinal immune microenvironment. Our data demonstrate that short-term consumption of HFCS upregulates the proportion of macrophages in IBD mice but not in healthy mice. HFCS promotes proinflammatory cytokine production through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) signaling. Our work unveils the important role of macrophages in HFCS-induced exacerbation of colitis and reveals the mechanism of how HFCS immunologically aggravates IBD. Overall design: mRNA profiles of RAW264.7 cells and HFCS-treated RAW264.7 cells